According to the disease module hypothesis, the cellular components associated with a disease segregate in the same neighborhood of the human interactome, the map of biologically relevant molecular interactions. Yet, given the incompleteness of the interactome and the limited knowledge of disease-associated genes, it is not obvious if the available data have sufficient coverage to map out modules associated with each disease. Here we derive mathematical conditions for the identifiability of disease modules and show that the network-based location of each disease module determines its pathobiological relationship to other diseases. For example, diseases with overlapping network modules show significant coexpression patterns, symptom similarity, and comorbidity, whereas diseases residing in separated network neighborhoods are phenotypically distinct. These tools represent an interactome-based platform to predict molecular commonalities between phenotypically related diseases, even if they do not share primary disease genes.

/pdf/uncovering-disease-disease-relationships-through-the-a04mzlehv1.pdf

Uncovering disease-disease relationships through the incomplete interactome

해외산업간호정보 - 미국 산업안전보건연구원(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) 소개

Metabolic activation of polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DNA damage: a review.

This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of scientists engaged in the WHO project “Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution – REVIHAAP”. The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe. This publication arises from the project REVIHAAP and has been co-funded by the European Union.

Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution – REVIHAAP Project. Technical Report. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe 2013

목적: 이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 직장인들의 직무스트레스를 측정하기 위한 신뢰성과 타당성 있는 도구를 개발하고 평가기준 및 참고치를 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 연구 대상은 2차의 걸친 표본추출과정에 의해 선정되었다. 1차 표본은 NSDSOS 프로젝트의 수행을 위해 고안된 3개의 광역권에서 조사된 직장인 30, 146명이고, 2차 표본은 우리나라 표준산업분류(대분류 및 중분류)에 따른 근로자 인구 분포를 고려하여 확률 추출되어 선정된 12, 631명으로 이들을 대상으로 하여 표준화 작업과 규준을 마련하였다. 전문가 회의와 사전조사를 통해 작성된 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 일반적 특성, 직업적 특성, 건강상태(가족력, 질병 과거력 및 의료이용현황), 직무스트레스 측정도구, 단축형 사회심리적 스트레스(PWI-SF), 피로(MFS) 등을 측정하였다. 그리고 한국인 직무스트레스 수준을 측정 평가할 수 있는 표준화된 측정도구와 평가를 위한 성별 평가기준 및 참고치를 도출하였다. 결과: 한국인의 직무스트레스 요인으로 간주될 수 있는 요인을 기존 연구와 외국의 연구결과를 검토 분석하여 총8개의 하위 영역을 도출하였다. 이들 하위 영역에 포함된 항목들은 물리환경, 직무 요구, 직무 자율성 결여, 관계 갈등, 직무 불안정, 조직체계, 보상 부적절, 직장문화 등이었다. 이들 하위 영역을 대표할 수 있는 측정 문항을 개발하여 현장조사를 하였으며, 조사결과를 바탕으로 한국인 직무스트레스 수준을 측정할 수 있는 총 43개 문항의 표준화된 측정도구를 개발하였다. 아울러 산업 현장에서 간편하게 사용할 수 있는 24개 문항으로 구성된 단축형 설문지도 개발하였다. 직무 스트레스수준에 대한 측정결과를 평가하기 위해 남자와 여자를 구분하고 기본형 설문지와 단축형 설문지를 바탕으로 평가의 참고치를 도출하였다. 결론: 한국인 직장인들의 직무 스트레스를 측정을 위해 개발된 KOSS는 한국 특이적인 일반적인 직무 스트레스요인을 질적 방법과 기존의 표준화된 측정도구들의 검토, 그리고 연구에 참여한 공동 연구원들이 제시한 직무 스트레스 항목들이 총체적으로 반영된 도구로서 타당성 평가에서도 만족할만한 수준을 보여 객관적이고 타당성있는 직무 스트레스 측정도구로서 직장인 직무스트레스 관리를 위한 기초 정보산출 및 평가에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 본다.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

To evaluate type 1 hypersensitivity to reactive dyes, its prevalence, and its relationship to respiratory dysfunction, we studied clinical and immunologic features, including skin prick tests RAST, and bronchoprovocation tests, of 309 employees working in a reactive-dye industry Our survey revealed that 78 (252%) employees had work-related lower respiratory symptoms associated with or without nasal, skin, or eye symptoms Among these employees, 38 (487%) had nonspecific bronchial reactivity Thirteen demonstrated immediate (6), dual (6), or late only (1) asthmatic responses after inhalation of four kinds of reactive-dye solutions Twenty-five employees demonstrated immediate skin responses to black GR dye, and 21 reacted to orange 3R Fifty-three employees (17%) had specific serum IgE antibody against black GR and orange 3R-human serum albumin conjugate Specific IgE was detected more frequently in symptomatic employees (30%) and smokers (100%) No association was found between atopy and specific IgE binding The RAST-inhibition tests of black GR revealed significant inhibitions by black GR-human serum albumin conjugate and minimal inhibitions by unconjugated black GR Orange 3R RAST-inhibition tests revealed significant inhibitions by conjugated forms of black GR and orange 3R and some inhibitions by two unconjugated dyes, suggesting an immunologic cross-reactivity between these dyes These findings suggested that reactive dyes could induce immunologic responses, most likely IgE-mediated

https://www.jacionline.org/article/0091-6749(91)90382-X/pdf

Clinical and immunologic evaluations of reactive dye-exposed workers

The association between sleep duration and dry eye syndrome among Korean adults

BACKGROUND: Noise, or undesirable sound, is one of the most common environmental stressors, and it can cause various health effects. Beyond the auditory consequences of occupational noise exposure, extra-auditory effects such as psychological problems have also been found. The aim of the current study is to elucidate the association between occupational noise annoyance and psychological symptoms, including symptoms of depression and suicidal ideation. METHODS: A total of 10,020 participants (5,410 men and 4,610 women) were included in the current analysis, using data from the fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Self-report questionnaires were used to assess noise annoyance levels, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for psychosocial symptoms were calculated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Compared to the no noise annoyance group, ORs (95% CI) of the severe annoyance groups were 1.58 (1.12-2.23) and 1.76 (1.29-2.40) in men and 1.49 (1.05-2.11) and 1.41 (1.01-1.97) in women for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, respectively. The ORs (95% CI) for severe noise annoyance in those with less than five hours of sleep were 2.95 (1.46-5.96) and 2.05 (1.01-4.16) in men and women, respectively, compared with those with no noise annoyance and a sleep time of more than five hours. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that occupational noise annoyance is significantly related to mental health, including depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation after controlling for individual and socio-demographic characteristics even with gender stratification. However, prospective studies with quantified noise exposure assessment were needed to elucidate the causality on the association between noise annoyance and psychological symptoms. Language: en

/pdf/occupational-noise-annoyance-linked-to-depressive-symptoms-2qaym29ap3.pdf

Occupational noise annoyance linked to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation: a result from nationwide survey of Korea.

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the relationship between job stress and the type of turnover of registered nurses in a university hospital. Methods: A total of 553 registered nurses who left the hospital between 1994 and 2005 were surveyed, and aninterview record and self-administered questionnaire completed at the time of the turnover were used to assess the relationship. Job stress was categorized into four sub-scales (factor Ⅰ: insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy, factor Ⅱ: work overload and time urgency, factor Ⅲ: interpersonal conflict and communication problems, and factor Ⅳ: role strain and ambiguity) using factor analysis. The type of turnover was classified into two categories: voluntary and involuntary. SPSS (version 11.0) was used for the statistical analyses. Results: The direct cause of the turnover was getting a new job, and the nurses in the voluntary turnover group were younger and less experienced than those in the involuntary turnover group. The discriminant analysis findings indicated that the determinant factors affecting the type of turnover were marital status, factor Ⅰ (insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy), factor Ⅱ (work overload and time urgency), educational background, and the intention to get a new job. Meanwhile, the voluntary turnover was associated with marital status (single), insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy, high educational background, the intention to get a new job, and low work overload and time urgency. Conclusions: Job stress played a crucial role in the turnover of the registered nurses, and some job stressors such as insufficient work authority and lack of autonomy, work overload and time urgency were more related to the type of turnover. These results confirm the necessity for a management program or job redesign to eliminate or reduce job stressors which lead to turnover such as insufficient work authority, lack of autonomy, work overload and time urgency. Furthermore, greater opportunities need to be provided for developing their careers. Finally, further research is required to elucidate the specific job stressors affecting the turnover of registered nurses.

https://ir.ymlib.yonsei.ac.kr/bitstream/22282913/122673/1/T008864.pdf

Relationship between Job Stress and Turnover of Registered Nurses in a University Hospital

Objective We aimed to assess the nature of association between job stress and occupational injuries among firefighters in Korea.

Design Cross-sectional study.

Setting We conducted a nationwide survey using self-reported questionnaires in South Korea.

Participants A survey was conducted among 30 630 firefighters; 25 616 (83.6%) responded. Our study included firefighters who were 20–59 years old. Individuals with <12 months of current job experience and those with missing data were excluded; ultimately, 14 991 firefighters were analysed.

Results Among fire suppression personnel, high job demands (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.77), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37), a poor organisational system (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.55), and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.64) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injury; high job demands (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47) were also associated with the frequency of injuries. Among emergency medical services personnel, high job demands (OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.54), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.66), a poor organisational system (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.85), lack of reward (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.69) and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.54) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injury; low job control (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.36), lack of reward (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.35) and a negative workplace climate (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34) were also associated with a greater number of injuries. Among officers, high job demands (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.85) and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.10) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injuries; however, there was no significant correlation between job stress and the number of injuries.

Conclusions High job stress among firefighters was associated with both the occurrence of occupational injury, and also with an increased frequency of injuries. Therefore, job stress should be addressed to prevent occupational injuries among firefighters.

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/6/11/e012002.full.pdf

Jaehoon Roh

Papers

Clinical and immunologic evaluations of reactive dye-exposed workers

The association between sleep duration and dry eye syndrome among Korean adults

Occupational noise annoyance linked to depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation: a result from nationwide survey of Korea.

Relationship between Job Stress and Turnover of Registered Nurses in a University Hospital

Association between job stress and occupational injuries among Korean firefighters: a nationwide cross-sectional study