https://www.massey.ac.nz/%7Eychisti/Lipases.pdf

Production, purification, characterization, and applications of lipases.

Developments in industrially important thermostable enzymes: a review.

Extremophilic microorganisms are adapted to survive in ecological niches such as at high temperatures, extremes of pH, high salt concentrations and high pressure. These microorganisms produce unique biocatalysts that function under extreme conditions comparable to those prevailing in various industrial processes. Some of the enzymes from extremophiles have already been purified and their genes successfully cloned in mesophilic hosts. In this review we will briefly discuss the biotechnological significance of extreme thermophilic (optimal growth 70–80 °C) and hyperthermophilic (optimal growth 85–100 °C) archaea and bacteria. In particular, we will focus on selected extracellular-polymer-degrading enzymes, such as amylases, pullulanases, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases, cellulases, xylanases, chitinases, proteinases and other enzymes such as esterases, glucose isomerases, alcohol dehydrogenases and DNA-modifying enzymes with potential use in food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries and in environmental biotechnology.

Extremophiles as a source of novel enzymes for industrial application.

A thermophilic microorganism, Bacillus thermoleovorans ID-1, isolated from hot springs in Indonesia, showed extracellular lipase activity and high growth rates on lipid substrates at elevated temperatures. On olive oil (1.5%, w/v) as the sole carbon source, the isolate ID-1 grew very rapidly at 65°C with its specific growth rate (2.50 h−1) and its lipase activity reached the maximum value of 520 U l−1 during the late exponential phase and then decreased. In addition to this, isolate ID-1 could grow on a variety of lipid substrates such as oils (olive oil, soybean oil and mineral oil), triglycerides (triolein, tributyrin) and emulsifiers (Tween 20, 40). The excreted lipase of ID-1 was purified 223-fold to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. As a result, the relative molecular mass of the lipase was determined to be 34 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme showed optimal activity at 70–75°C and pH 7.5 and exhibited 50% of its original activity after 1 h incubation at 60°C and 30 min at 70°C and its catalytic function was activated in the presence of Ca2+ or Zn2+.

https://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/27838/b3.pdf;sequence=1

Isolation and characterization of a thermophilic lipase from Bacillus thermoleovorans ID‐1

Methods for detection and characterization of lipases: A comprehensive review

A thermostable lipase was produced in continuous cultivation of a newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus sp. strain IHI-91 growing optimally at 65 degrees C. Lipase activity decreased with increasing dilution rate while lipase productivity showed a maximum of 340 U l-1 h-1 at a condition rate of 0.4 h-1. Lipase productivity was increased by 50% compared to data from batch fermentations. Up to 70% of the total lipase activity measured was associated to cells and by-products or residual substrate. Kinetic and stoichiometric parameters for the utilisation of olive oil were determined. The maximal biomass output method led to a saturation constant Ks of 0.88 g/l. Both batch growth data and a washout experiment yielded a maximal specific growth rate, mu max, of 1.0 h-1. Oxygen uptake rates of up to 2.9 g l-1 h-1 were calculated and the yield coefficient, Y X/O, was determined to be 0.29 g dry cell weight/g O2. From an overall material balance the yield coefficient, Y X/S, was estimated to be 0.60 g dry cell weight/g olive oil.

I Abu-Reesh

Papers

Determination of the kinetic parameters during continuous cultivation of the lipase-producing thermophile Bacillus sp. IHI-91 on olive oil