Showing papers by "Ian Phillips published in 1988"

The in-vitro activity of PD127,391, a new quinolone

Abstract: MICs of PD127,391 a new 4-quinolone, and of CI934 and ciprofloxacin, two previously reported 4-quinolones, were determined for common clinical bacterial isolates by an agar-dilution method. PD127,391 was the most active drug against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp (MICs less than 0.12 mg/l) and as active as ciprofloxacin against Aeromonas spp. (MICs less than 0.008 mg/l) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MICs less than 1 mg/l). It was more active than ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas spp. including Ps. maltophilia (MICs less than 0.25 mg/l). All three drugs had high activity, with PD129,391 again the best, against Haemophilus influenzae Brahmamella catarrhalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PD127,391 was much more active than the other drugs against Campylobacter coli/jejuni (PD127,391 MICs less than 0.03 mg/l) and Gardnerella vaginalis (PD127,391 MICs less than 0.25 mg/l). PD127,391 inhibited all staphylococci at less than 0.06 mg/l and streptococci at less than 0.5 mg/l, thus being more active than CI934 or ciprofloxacin. PD127,391 was much more active against anaerobic cocci, Bacteroides spp. and clostridia (including Clostridium difficile) (MICs less than 1 mg/l) than was CI934 (MICs less than 16 mg/l) or ciprofloxacin (MICs less than 64 mg/l). No bacterium that we examined required more than 1 mg/l of PD127,391 for inhibition, and there was no cross resistance with unrelated antibiotics.

The major phenobarbital‐inducible cytochrome P‐450 gene subfamily (P450IIB) mapped to the long arm of human chromosome 19

Abstract: SUMMARY We have recently isolated a cloned cDNA that codes for a human orthologue of the major phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450IIB subfamily of rodents. The cloned human cDNA was used to analyse, by Southern blot hybridization, DNA extracted from a panel of 9 independent human-rodent somatic cell hybrids. The results indicate that all members of the P450IIB gene subfamily of man are located on chromosome 19. Evidence from hybrids containing different regions of human chromosome 19 localizes this cytochrome P-450 gene subfamily further to the long arm of chromosome 19 in the region cen-q13.3. We propose the designation CYP2B for this locus. INTRODUCTION Cytochromes P-450 are of central importance in the metabolism of endogenous compounds such as steroids, fatty acids and prostaglandins ; the detoxification of foreign hydrophobic chemicals including many therapeutic drugs and environmental pollutants ; and the activation of chemical carcinogens (Ortiz de Montellano, 1986). Many of the proteins are inducible by their substrates. Using a rat liver cDNA clone coding for a phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 (Phillips

Cloning and chromosomal mapping of human cytochrome b5 reductase (DIA1).

Abstract: We have isolated a cDNA clone that codes for human cytochrome b 5 reductase. The cDNA was used to analyse, by Southern‐blot hybridization, DNA isolated from a panel of 11 independent human‐rodent somatic cell hybrids. The results indicate that cytochrome b 5 reductase is encoded by a single gene located on human chromosome 22. Copyright © 1988, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

European collaborative study of reprodutibility of quantitative sensitivity testing of anaerobes

Abstract: Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefbuperazone, latamoxef, metronidazole, clindamycin and chloramphenicol were determined for 15 different anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides spp., anaerobic cocci and Clostridium spp., in 18 European laboratories, who used their own methodology. The degree of intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility was surprisingly good--87% of results fell on the modal MIC or were within one dilution of it and only 4.4% of the results differed by three or more dilutions. Results for clindamycin were the least reproducible, as were those for clostridia. Of the organisms that we tested Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, NCTC 9343 emerged as the most suitable for use in quality control, and Peptococcus variabilis ATCC 14956 the most appropriate if a control for more slowly-growing species is required.