https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/150/3699/971.full.pdf

Pain mechanisms: a new theory.

Impulses and Physiological States in Theoretical Models of Nerve Membrane

Pain mechanisms: A new theory

Identification of a novel force-generating protein, kinesin, involved in microtubule-based motility

https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/S0092-8674(03)00111-9.pdf

The Molecular Motor Toolbox for Intracellular Transport

The movements of radioactive tracers across living cell membranesare discussed on the basis of thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Krogh9s equation describing the flux of a tracer as a function oftime is derived, and the significance of the "permeability" constant is clarified.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/132/3440/1661.2.full.pdf

Thermodynamic Treatment of Radio-Tracer Movements across Biological Membranes

1. Afferent impulses from one more pressure receptor in the depressor nerve of the rabbit have been recorded simultaneously with the arterial blood pressure and ECG.2. There is a discharge of impulses at all pressure levels in the normal living animal.3. The degree of activity of the end-organs varies with the blood pressure and is to a considerable extent dependent upon the variations in pressure during the heart cycle.4. The impulses from a single end-organ are at a maximum frequency during systole.5. As the pressure increases a larger number of end-organs come into play, the impulse frequency in a single nerve fiber increases, and the discharge continues throughout the greater part of the cycle.6. Four types of receptors were found. The first responds rather to the absolute value of the blood pressure, the second rather to the rate of pressure change, the third responds when the blood pressure falls and the fourth is superposed on the QRS-complex of the ECG.

Afferent impulses in the depressor nerve

Properties of the excitable sites in the squid axon membrane were studied by using various chemical stimulants and a real-time spectrum analyzer. Intact squid axons immersed in media with a reduced divalent cation concentration develop very small electric responses (1-30 micronV in amplitude) which repeat at more-or-less regular intervals. The frequency of repetition of these miniature responses falls when the temperature of the axon is lowered. Replacement of a small fraction of the external Na-ion with K-ion is a powerful means of generating miniature responses. Passage of an outwardly directed current through the axonal membrane also evokes miniature responses. This effect of an electric current is attributed to a transport of intracellular K-ion into the axonal membrane. The results of the effects of external application of the salts of Li-, Rb- and Cs-ion indicate that the ability of alkali metal ions to induce miniature response falls in the following order: K, Rb is greater than Cs is greater than Na is greater than Li.

Properties of excitable sites in the squid axon membrane as revealed by use of chemical stimulants and a spectrum analyzer

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/126/3276/696.full.pdf

Oscillatory membrane currents of squid giant axon under voltage-clamp.

This chapter is devoted mainly to methods of preparing various types of excitable tissue for electrophysiological and optical investigations. Attempts are also made to explain how several different types of electrophysiological observations can be made using such tissue. In writing this chapter, the authors have assumed that most of the readers have never witnessed nerve fiber dissection of frog or squid. The authors had two objectives in preparing this chapter: (1) to give some idea of the technical problems which may be encountered by those who plan to work in this field of biological science and (2) to provide insight to investigators who are presently facing difficulties of some kind in their neurobiologically oriented research. The illustrations are designed to give readers a clear and correct image of the procedures involved.

Ichiji Tasaki

Papers

Thermodynamic Treatment of Radio-Tracer Movements across Biological Membranes

Afferent impulses in the depressor nerve

Properties of excitable sites in the squid axon membrane as revealed by use of chemical stimulants and a spectrum analyzer

Oscillatory membrane currents of squid giant axon under voltage-clamp.

Electrophysiological and Optical Methods for Studying the Excitability of the Nerve Membrane