Pediatr Blood Cancer

Klinefelter's syndrome

https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(02)03105-9/pdf

Best practice policies for male infertility

The TNF receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS): emerging concepts of an autoinflammatory disorder.

Infertility is a common problem, affecting perhaps one couple in six, the majority of whom now seek medical care. Although diagnostic problems make it difficult to establish the extent of the male partner's contribution with certainty, a number of studies suggest that male problems represent the commonest single defined cause of infertility. The World Health Organization has proposed a scheme for the diagnostic classification of male infertility, based upon a standardized approach to clinical assessment and to the assessment of semen quality. Some of these classifications are now controversial, and many are descriptive, rather than aetiological. Increasingly, the importance of occupation, environmental and particularly genetic factors in the causation of male infertility is being recognized.

Epidemiology and aetiology of male infertility

Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men

https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(02)03092-3/pdf

Prognostic value of the clinical and laboratory evaluation in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome who are receiving assisted reproductive therapy

The human Pim-2 proto-oncogene and its testicular expression

Long-Term Followup of Patients Less Than 30 Years Old with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder

A retrospective analysis in 50 couples of 53 cycles of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with immotile spermatozoa from testicular-retrieved spermatozoa was performed to evaluate whether total immotile spermatozoa achieved after testicular sperm extraction could fertilize ova and result in pregnancies. We assessed the efficacy of ICSI with totally immotile testicular spermatozoa extracted from the testes of azoospermic patients with severe spermatogenic failure (group 1) and compared these results with those from spermatozoa which were recovered after several hours of incubation and were motile (group 2) at the time of injection. In 19 cycles, only totally immotile spermatozoa were injected at the time of ICSI. For the remaining 34 cycles, at least one motile spermatozoon was found for injection. The oocyte fertilization rates were 51% for group 1 and 62% for group 2 (P < 0.02). Eighteen of 19 cycles in group 1 (90%) and all 34 (100%) cycles in group 2 had embryos for replacement. The mean number of embryos per cycle was 5.2 +/- 0.8 and 7.5 +/- 0.9 in groups 1 and 2 respectively; this and the embryo quality (cumulative embryo scoring = 40 +/- 8 for group 1 and 50 +/- 7 for group 2), and clinical pregnancy rates (15.8% per oocyte retrieval in group 1 and 23.5% in group 2) were not significantly different between groups. Fertilization, cleavage and pregnancy can be achieved with intracytoplasmic testicular sperm injection from patients with immotile spermatozoa, at levels comparable with those of ICSI using motile spermatozoa.

Igael Madgar

Papers

Controlled trial of high spermatic vein ligation for varicocele in infertile men

Prognostic value of the clinical and laboratory evaluation in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome who are receiving assisted reproductive therapy

The human Pim-2 proto-oncogene and its testicular expression

Long-Term Followup of Patients Less Than 30 Years Old with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder

In-vitro fertilization treatment for severe male factor: the fertilization potential of immotile spermatozoa obtained by testicular extraction