Ingrid J.M. Ceelen

TL;DR: Almost all athletes had used nutritional supplements at some time during their athletic career and receiving dietary counseling seemed to result in better-informed choices with respect to the use of nutritional supplements related to performance, recovery, and health.

TL;DR: For most micronutrients, use of nutritional supplements does not completely compensate for intakes below the estimated average requirement (AR), so athletes should consider making better food choices and the daily use of a low-dosed multivitamin supplement.

TL;DR: Sports nutrition recommendations for the habitual diet were not achieved during a training period and on a competition day; a large variation was found in nutrient intake; this may be related to a high incidence of GI distress.

TL;DR: Despite significantly improving vitamin D status in these professional rugby union players, vitamin D supplementation had little impact on physical performance outcomes, and it is unlikely thatitamin D supplementation is an ergogenic aid in this group of athletes.

TL;DR: Only small differences in the mean energy and macronutrient intake between elite endurance, strength, and team sport athletes, were found.