Isela Lavilla

TL;DR: In this paper, the evolution of liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) techniques from their inception in mid-to-late 1990s is described and evaluated, focusing on the use of less toxic extractant phases, clean energies combined with LPME techniques, new materials (e.g., monolithic silica and nanoparticles), automation of liquid phase extraction methodologies and recent developments in hyphenation of LPMEs with a broad variety of analytical techniques.

TL;DR: In this article, the main applications of ultrasound for pretreatment of solid samples and some liquid samples with a complex matrix (e.g., wastewater) in the context of green analytical chemistry are discussed.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss and compare the current approaches for sample pretreatment including in situ microdigestion, slurry preparation, acid digestion, extraction, etc. Advantages and drawbacks inherent to each of those procedures are considered.

TL;DR: A comprehensive review dealing with the applications of liquid-phase microextraction combined with atomic detection techniques is presented and a critical comparison of the different LPME approaches in terms of enrichment factors achieved, extraction efficiency, precision, selectivity and simplicity of operation is provided.

TL;DR: The main pathways for greening atomic spectrometry such as downsizing of instrumentation, use of portable instruments, solid sampling, application of clean energies (ultrasound, microwaves, etc.) for sample pre-treatment, development of on-site, on-line and at-line approaches vs. typical off-line methods, and application of modern extraction techniques (e.g., solid-and liquid-phase microextraction), green solvents and derivatization agents and use of chemometric tools for method optimization, signal processing, etc. as discussed by the authors