99mTc
: technetium-99m
201TI
: thallium 201
ABCB1
: ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1
ABI
: ankle-brachial index
ACC
: American College of Cardiology
ACCF
: American College of Cardiology Foundation
ACCOMPLISH
: Avoiding Cardiovascular Events Through Combination Therapy in Patients Living With Systolic Hypertension
ACE
: angiotensin converting enzyme
ACIP
: Asymptomatic Cardiac Ischaemia Pilot
ACS
: acute coronary syndrome
ADA
: American Diabetes Association
ADP
: adenosine diphosphate
AHA
: American Heart Association
ARB
: angiotensin II receptor antagonist
ART
: Arterial Revascularization Trial
ASCOT
: Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial
ASSERT
: Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation and Stroke Evaluation in pacemaker patients and the atrial fibrillation Reduction atrial pacing Trial
AV
: atrioventricular
BARI 2D
: Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes
BEAUTIFUL
: Morbidity-Mortality Evaluation of the If Inhibitor Ivabradine in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction
BIMA
: bilateral internal mammary artery
BMI
: body mass index
BMS
: bare metal stent
BNP
: B-type natriuretic peptide
BP
: blood pressure
b.p.m.
: beats per minute
CABG
: coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
: coronary artery disease
CAPRIE
: Clopidogrel vs. Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischaemic Events
CASS
: Coronary Artery Surgery Study
CCB
: calcium channel blocker
CCS
: Canadian Cardiovascular Society
CFR
: coronary flow reserve
CHARISMA
: Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischaemic Stabilization, Management and Avoidance
CI
: confidence interval
CKD
: chronic kidney disease
CKD-EPI
: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration
CMR
: cardiac magnetic resonance
CORONARY
: The CABG Off or On Pump Revascularization Study
COURAGE
: Clinical Outcomes Utilizing Revascularization and Aggressive Drug Evaluation
COX-1
: cyclooxygenase-1
COX-2
: cyclooxygenase-2
CPG
: Committee for Practice Guidelines
CT
: computed tomography
CTA
: computed tomography angiography
CV
: cardiovascular
CVD
: cardiovascular disease
CXR
: chest X-ray
CYP2C19*2
: cytochrome P450 2C19
CYP3A
: cytochrome P3A
CYP3A4
: cytochrome P450 3A4
CYP450
: cytochrome P450
DANAMI
: Danish trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction
DAPT
: dual antiplatelet therapy
DBP
: diastolic blood pressure
DECOPI
: Desobstruction Coronaire en Post-Infarctus
DES
: drug-eluting stents
DHP
: dihydropyridine
DSE
: dobutamine stress echocardiography
EACTS
: European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery
EECP
: enhanced external counterpulsation
EMA
: European Medicines Agency
EASD
: European Association for the Study of Diabetes
ECG
: electrocardiogram
Echo
: echocardiogram
ED
: erectile dysfunction
EF
: ejection fraction
ESC
: European Society of Cardiology
EXCEL
: Evaluation of XIENCE PRIME or XIENCE V vs. Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery for Effectiveness of Left Main Revascularization
FAME
: Fractional Flow Reserve vs. Angiography for Multivessel Evaluation
FDA
: Food & Drug Administration (USA)
FFR
: fractional flow reserve
FREEDOM
: Design of the Future Revascularization Evaluation in patients with Diabetes mellitus: Optimal management of Multivessel disease
GFR
: glomerular filtration rate
HbA1c
: glycated haemoglobin
HDL
: high density lipoprotein
HDL-C
: high density lipoprotein cholesterol
HR
: hazard ratio
HRT
: hormone replacement therapy
hs-CRP
: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
HU
: Hounsfield units
ICA
: invasive coronary angiography
IMA
: internal mammary artery
IONA
: Impact Of Nicorandil in Angina
ISCHEMIA
: International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches
IVUS
: intravascular ultrasound
JSAP
: Japanese Stable Angina Pectoris
KATP
: ATP-sensitive potassium channels
LAD
: left anterior descending
LBBB
: left bundle branch block
LIMA
: Left internal mammary artery
LDL
: low density lipoprotein
LDL-C
: low density lipoprotein cholesterol
LM
: left main
LMS
: left main stem
LV
: left ventricular
LVEF
: left ventricular ejection fraction
LVH
: left ventricular hypertrophy
MACE
: major adverse cardiac events
MASS
: Medical, Angioplasty, or Surgery Study
MDRD
: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease
MERLIN
: Metabolic Efficiency with Ranolazine for Less Ischaemia in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
MERLIN-TIMI 36
: Metabolic Efficiency with Ranolazine for Less Ischemia in Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction
MET
: metabolic equivalents
MI
: myocardial infarction
MICRO-HOPE
: Microalbuminuria, cardiovascular and renal sub-study of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation study
MPI
: myocardial perfusion imaging
MRI
: magnetic resonance imaging
NO
: nitric oxide
NSAIDs
: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
NSTE-ACS
: non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome
NYHA
: New York Heart Association
OAT
: Occluded Artery Trial
OCT
: optical coherence tomography
OMT
: optimal medical therapy
PAR-1
: protease activated receptor type 1
PCI
: percutaneous coronary intervention
PDE5
: phosphodiesterase type 5
PES
: paclitaxel-eluting stents
PET
: positron emission tomography
PRECOMBAT
: Premier of Randomized Comparison of Bypass Surgery vs. Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients with Left Main Coronary Artery Disease
PTP
: pre-test probability
PUFA
: polyunsaturated fatty acid
PVD
: peripheral vascular disease
QoL
: quality of life
RBBB
: right bundle branch block
REACH
: Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health
RITA-2
: Second Randomized Intervention Treatment of Angina
ROOBY
: Veterans Affairs Randomized On/Off Bypass
SAPT
: single antiplatelet therapy
SBP
: systolic blood pressure
SCAD
: stable coronary artery disease
SCORE
: Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation
SCS
: spinal cord stimulation
SES
: sirolimus-eluting stents
SIMA
: single internal mammary artery
SPECT
: single photon emission computed tomography
STICH
: Surgical Treatment for Ischaemic Heart Failure
SWISSI II
: Swiss Interventional Study on Silent Ischaemia Type II
SYNTAX
: SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery
TC
: total cholesterol
TENS
: transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation
TERISA
: Type 2 Diabetes Evaluation of Ranolazine in Subjects With Chronic Stable Angina
TIME
: Trial of Invasive vs. Medical therapy
TIMI
: Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction
TMR
: transmyocardial laser revascularization
TOAT
: The Open Artery Trial
WOEST
: What is the Optimal antiplatElet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with oral anticoagulation and coronary StenTing

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all evidence available, at the time of the writing process, on a particular issue with the aim of assisting physicians in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient with a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well …

/pdf/2013-esc-guidelines-on-the-management-of-stable-coronary-2178xukyyy.pdf

2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology.

Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair 

Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect 

Alice K. Jacobs, MD, FACC, FAHA, Immediate Past Chair 2009–2011 [§§][1]

Sidney C. Smith, Jr, MD, FACC, FAHA, Past Chair 2006–2008 [§§][1]

Cynthia D. Adams, MSN, APRN-BC, FAHA[§§][1]

Nancy M

2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons.

The purpose of this book is to provide nurses with the best available research, thereby enabling better decisions that result in improved health care and safety practices and lead to better outcomes. Nurses often are the ones who find errors and prevent pa tient harm. In their focus on patient safety, nurses identify critical issues and research for evidence-based practice. This book is a great resource for practicing nurses, nurse educators, re searchers, leaders, and students. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality strongly promotes that safety and quality of health care is dependent on the availability of the best research possible and the ability to deliver results of research into the hands of practitioners, policy makers, and consumers. This text is a culmination of subject expert knowledge, practice, and research from 89 contributors who represent a broad range of nurses and senior researchers across the nation. The topics covered in this text provide excellent background for any clinician, nurse educator, or nurse leader. The topics include • evidence-based practice, • patient-centered care, • working environment for nurses, • care models, and • patient acuity. The chapters provide an easy-tounderstand guide and include a background section and analysis of the literature based on the topic presented. Practice implications are identified at the end of each chapter and guide efforts for improving quality and patient care. Research implications for each topic outline target areas for improvement and can be used by clinicians to inform and guide practice. There are also questions and issues to develop or expand thesis topics and research papers, which faculty members may find useful. A section on critical opportunities contains current topics, including wrong site surgery, communication hand offs by nurses, medication administration safety, medication reconciliation, and personal safety for nurses. These topics are very well presented with numerous research citations and examples from all areas of nursing— from patient entry to the facility to discharge and home care. The authors use exhibits, tables, guides, templates, models, and representations within each chapter and conclude with a list of references including web sites for further independent review and citation. The volumes are written in a manner that allows for quick access, and they are

Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses

http://unmhospitalist.pbworks.com/f/ACC+Preoperative+risk+2008.pdf

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery)

http://www.area-c54.it/public/accaha%202007%20guidelines%20on%20perioperative%20cardiovascular%20evaluation%20and%20care%20for%20noncardiac%20surgery.pdf

ACC/AHA 2007 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery)

BackgroundSlow coronary flow (SCF) in a normal coronary angiogram is a well-recognized clinical entity, but its etiopathogenesis remains unclear.DesignThe aim of the study was to determine endothelial function in patients with SCF using a flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) technique in the brachial arte

Vascular endothelial function in patients with slow coronary flow.

Red cell distribution width (RDW) is strongly associated with prognosis in cardiopulmonary disorders such as coronary artery disease, acute myocardial infarction, acute and chronic heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension. However, its prognostic significance in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between admission RDW and early mortality in patients with acute PE. One hundred sixty-five patients with confirmed acute PE were included. Patients with previous treatment for anemia, malignancy, or chronic liver disease, those with dialysis treatment for chronic renal failure, and those who received erythrocyte suspension for any reason were excluded. A total of 136 consecutive patients with acute PE were evaluated prospectively. According to receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of RDW to predict early mortality was >14.6%, with 95.2% sensitivity and 53% specificity. Patients were categorized prospectively as having unchanged (group 1) or increased (group 2) RDW on the basis of a cut-off value of 14.6%. The mean age of patients was 63 ± 15 years. The mean follow-up duration was 11 ± 7 days, and 21 patients died. Among these 21 patients, 1 (1.6%) was in group 1 and 20 (27%) were in group 2 (p 14.6% on admission, age, presence of shock, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and creatinine level were found to have prognostic significance in univariate Cox proportional-hazards analysis. Only increased RDW >14.6% on admission (hazard ratio 15.465, p = 0.012) and the presence of shock (hazard ratio 9.354, p <0.001) remained associated with increased risk for acute PE-related early mortality in a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model. In conclusion, high RDW was associated with worse hemodynamic parameters, and RDW seems to aid in the risk stratification of patients with acute PE.

Usefulness of admission red cell distribution width as a predictor of early mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

Levosimendan is a relatively new cardiac inotropic agent with calcium sensitizing activity. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of levosimendan (L) and dobutamine (D) on renal function in patients hospitalized with decompensated heart failure (HF). The present study included 88 consecutive patients hospitalized with acutely decompensated HF (New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class 3–4) requiring inotropic therapy. Patients were randomized 2:1 to either L or D for intravenous inotropic support. Diuretic therapy was kept constant during infusions. Renal function values, including serum creatinine (CR), blood urea nitrogen, 24-h urinary output levels and calculated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured just prior to and 24 h after the infusions in all patients, and 48 and 72 h after the infusions in every second patient in both groups. The pre and post-infusion values of renal function and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated. LVEF increased significantly in both groups. Those in L showed a significant improvement in calculated GFR after 24 h, whereas those in D showed no significant change (median in change in L:+15.3%, median change in D: −1.33%). Furthermore, in the L group a significant improvement was observed in calculated GFR after 72 h compared to baseline levels, whereas in D no significant change (median change in L:+45.45%, median change in D: +0.09%) was seen. Both agents improved 24-h urinary output. Levosimendan seems to provide beneficial effects in terms of improvement in renal function compared to dobutamine in patients with heart failure who require inotropic therapy.

Levosimendan improves renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: comparison with dobutamine.

Severe heart failure represents a major source of morbidity and mortality. Poor right ventricular function is an independent prognostic marker for mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. In this study, levosimendan (L) and dobutamine (D) in patients with severe chronic biventricular failure were compared. Forty consecutive patients, who were judged for inotropic therapy by their primary physicians, with acutely decompensated systolic heart failure and having moderate-to-severe right ventricular dysfunction with right ventricular fractional area change of ≤24%m were randomized to L and D in a 2:1 fashion. Echocardiographic parameters including tricuspid annular motion and clinical issues were considered. Mean age and sex distribution were not different between the two groups. After the infusion, ejection fraction improved and systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased significantly in both arms. Longitudinal systolic function of tricuspid annulus improved significantly better in patients with L compared to patients with D (15% ± 12% vs. 2% ± 6% improvement, P < 0.001). Furthermore, L improved both 24-h urine output and creatinine, whereas D showed only a small, but significant improvement in urine output without any improvement in the creatinine levels. Levosimendan seems to offer more beneficial effects compared to dobutamine in a specific group of patients with biventricular failure.

Izzet Tandogan

Papers

Vascular endothelial function in patients with slow coronary flow.

Usefulness of admission red cell distribution width as a predictor of early mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.

Levosimendan improves renal function in patients with acute decompensated heart failure: comparison with dobutamine.

Comparative effects of levosimendan and dobutamine on right ventricular function in patients with biventricular heart failure

The effects of Ramadan fasting on blood lipid levels.