A review on highly ordered, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays: Fabrication, material properties, and solar energy applications

The worldwide thirst for portable consumer electronics in the 1990s had an enormous impact on portable power. Lithium ion batteries, in which lithium ions shuttle between an insertion cathode (e.g., LiCoO2) and an insertion anode (e.g., carbon), emerged as the power source of choice for the highperformance rechargeable-battery market. The performance advantages were so significant that lithium ion batteries not only replaced Ni-Cd batteries but left the purported successor technology, nickel-metal hydride, in its wake.1 The thick metal plates of * To whom correspondence should be addressed. J.W.L: e-mail, jwlong@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; telephone, (+1)202-404-8697. B.D.: e-mail, bdunn@ucla.edu; telephone, (+1)310-825-1519. D.R.R.: e-mail, rolison@nrl.navy.mil; telephone, (+1)202-767-3617. H.S.W.: e-mail, white@chem.utah.edu; telephone, (+1)810-585-6256. † Naval Research Laboratory. ‡ UCLA. § University of Utah. 4463 Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4463−4492

Three-dimensional battery architectures.

In this study highly ordered titania nanotube arrays of variable wall thickness are used to photocleave water under ultraviolet irradiation. We demonstrate that the wall thickness and length of the nanotubes can be controlled via anodization bath temperature. We find that the nanotube wall thickness is a key parameter influencing the magnitude of the photoanodic response and the overall efficiency of the water-splitting reaction. For 22 nm inner pore diameter nanotube arrays, those fabricated in a 5 °C anodization bath, 224 nm length and 34 nm wall thickness produced a photoanodic response that was thrice that of a nanotube array fabricated in a 50 °C anodization bath, 120 nm length and 9 nm wall-thickness. At high anodic polarization, above 1 V, the quantum efficiency under 337 nm illumination was greater than 90%. For the 5 °C anodization bath samples (22 nm pore-diameter, 34 nm wall thickness), upon 320−400 nm illumination at an intensity of 100 mW/cm2, hydrogen gas was generated at the power−time norm...

Enhanced Photocleavage of Water Using Titania Nanotube Arrays

Described is the fabrication of self-aligned highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays by potentiostatic anodization of Ti foil having lengths up to 134 μm, representing well over an order of magnitude i...

Anodic Growth of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays to 134 μm in Length

and Perspectives Sophie Carenco,†,‡,§,∥,⊥ David Portehault,*,†,‡,§ Ced́ric Boissier̀e,†,‡,§ Nicolas Meźailles, and Cleḿent Sanchez*,†,‡,§ †Chimie de la Matier̀e Condenseé de Paris, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7574, Colleg̀e de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France ‡Chimie de la Matier̀e Condenseé de Paris, CNRS, UMR 77574, Colleg̀e de France, 11 Place Marcellin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Chimie de la Matier̀e Condenseé de Paris, Colleg̀e de France, 11 Place Marcellin Berthelot, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France Laboratory Heteroelements and Coordination, Chemistry Department, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR 7653, Palaiseau, France

Nanoscaled metal borides and phosphides: recent developments and perspectives

The invention relates to a method for producing metallic Flachenableitelektroden on non-metallic substrates comprising the steps of: a. Generating a metal seed layer on a substrate; b. Electrically contacting the seed layer containing a metal wire network and a metal ion electrolyte; c. A galvanic depositing a metal film from the electrolyte at least on the seed layer by embedding the metal wire network in the metal film in which d. relatively movable metal wire filaments are arranged to form an electrically percolating metal wire network, e. the arrangement of metal wire filaments encapsulated in a gel matrix and the gel matrix is ​​dried and thereafter f. the dried gel matrix is ​​applied to the embedded metal wire network on the substrate, and wetted with a solvent of the gel matrix. Further, the invention relates to a semi-finished product for performing the method.

Method for the preparation of surfaces dissipation electrodes and semi-finished product for carrying out the method

Shunts in solar cells are often localized at the edges. Some of these edge shunts have a linear (ohmic) behavior and some of them have a non-linear (diode-like) one. At least the linear edge shunts, which are the most dangerous ones, can be removed by local etching. Two proven nondestructive techniques for shunt imaging are lock-in thermography and CELLO. Lock-in thermography detects local heat sources under forward or reverse bias in the dark, whereas CELLO measures the small signal electrical response to a pulsed laser beam at different voltages. These two techniques are compared with respect to their ability to investigate the influence of edge etching procedures on the shunt activity.

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Edge shunt passivation in silicon solar cells by chemical etching investigated by lock-in thermography and CELLO

The invention relates to a method for producing metallic surface discharge electrodes on nonmetallic substrates comprising the following steps: a) producing a metallic seed layer on a substrate; b) electrically contacting the seed layer with a metal wire network and an electrolyte containing metal ions; c) electrodepositing a metal film from the electrolyte at least on the seed layer, with the metal wire network being embedded into the metal film, wherein d) metal wire filaments that are movable relative to one another are arranged to form an electrically percolating metal wire network, e) the arrangement of the metal wire filaments is cast into a gel and the gel is dried thereafter to the gel matrix, and f) the dried gel matrix with the metal wire network embedded therein is applied to the substrate and is wetted with a solvent of the gel matrix. Furthermore, the invention relates to a semifinished product for carrying out the method.

Method for producing surface discharge electrodes and semifinished product for carrying out the method

The invention relates to a heterostructure comprising at least one first surface containing only copper and at least one second surface, opposite the first surface, containing only aluminium or an aluminium alloy with solid solutions present in the alloy, wherein a. an anchoring layer is arranged between the first and second surfaces, wherein b. each slice plane running perpendicular to the anchoring layer has at least one aluminium or aluminium-alloy island surrounded by copper, and c. at most the aluminium alloy solid solutions which are present in the alloy occur in the anchoring layer. The invention also relates to an aluminium-copper connector and to a heterostructure production method.

Aluminium-copper connector having a heterostructure, and method for producing the heterostructure

The invention relates to a method for producing, by 3D printing, a workpiece that is made up of a plurality of polymer compositions. During each printing interval one polymer composition, which is flowable, at a time is applied to predetermined portions of the unfinished workpiece, and prior to the last printing interval nano- to micro-scale particles are sprinkled during at least one sprinkle interval onto a predetermined portion of at least one of the previously applied polymer compositions.

J. Carstensen

Papers

Method for the preparation of surfaces dissipation electrodes and semi-finished product for carrying out the method

Edge shunt passivation in silicon solar cells by chemical etching investigated by lock-in thermography and CELLO

Method for producing surface discharge electrodes and semifinished product for carrying out the method

Aluminium-copper connector having a heterostructure, and method for producing the heterostructure

Method for producing multi-component workpieces by way of 3d printing