Let's read! We will often find out this sentence everywhere. When still being a kid, mom used to order us to always read, so did the teacher. Some books are fully read in a week and we need the obligation to support reading. What about now? Do you still love reading? Is reading only for you who have obligation? Absolutely not! We here offer you a new book enPDFd the perception of the visual world to read.

The Perception of the Visual World. By James J. Gibson. U.S.A.: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1950 (George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., London). Price 35s.

This paper presents details of a system that allows for an evolutionary introduction of depth perception into the existing 2D digital TV framework. The work is part of the European Information Society Technologies (IST) project “Advanced Three-Dimensional Television System Technologies” (ATTEST), an activity, where industries, research centers and universities have joined forces to design a backwards-compatible, flexible and modular broadcast 3D-TV system. At the very heart of the described new concept is the generation and distribution of a novel data representation format, which consists of monoscopic color video and associated perpixel depth information. From these data, one or more “virtual” views of a real-world scene can be synthesized in real-time at the receiver side (i. e. a 3D-TV set-top box) by means of so-called depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) techniques. This publication will provide: (1) a detailed description of the fundamentals of this new approach on 3D-TV; (2) a comparison with the classical approach of “stereoscopic” video; (3) a short introduction to DIBR techniques in general; (4) the development of a specific DIBR algorithm that can be used for the efficient generation of high-quality “virtual” stereoscopic views; (5) a number of implementation details that are specific to the current state of the development; (6) research on the backwards-compatible compression and transmission of 3D imagery using state-of-the-art MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group) tools.

Depth-image-based rendering (DIBR), compression, and transmission for a new approach on 3D-TV

The division of cortical visual processing into distinct dorsal and ventral streams is a key framework that has guided visual neuroscience. The characterization of the ventral stream as a 'What' pathway is relatively uncontroversial, but the nature of dorsal stream processing is less clear. Originally proposed as mediating spatial perception ('Where'), more recent accounts suggest it primarily serves non-conscious visually guided action ('How'). Here, we identify three pathways emerging from the dorsal stream that consist of projections to the prefrontal and premotor cortices, and a major projection to the medial temporal lobe that courses both directly and indirectly through the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortices. These three pathways support both conscious and non-conscious visuospatial processing, including spatial working memory, visually guided action and navigation, respectively.

/pdf/a-new-neural-framework-for-visuospatial-processing-3rx7qla2v1.pdf

A new neural framework for visuospatial processing

When natural scenes are viewed, a multitude of objects that are stable in their environments are brought in and out of view by eye movements. The posterior parietal cortex is crucial for the analysis of space, visual attention and movement 1 . Neurons in one of its subdivisions, the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), have visual responses to stimuli appearing abruptly at particular retinal locations (their receptive fields)2. We have tested the responses of LIP neurons to stimuli that entered their receptive field by saccades. Neurons had little or no response to stimuli brought into their receptive field by saccades, unless the stimuli were behaviourally significant. We established behavioural significance in two ways: either by making a stable stimulus task-relevant, or by taking advantage of the attentional attraction of an abruptly appearing stimulus. Our results show that under ordinary circumstances the entire visual world is only weakly represented in LIP. The visual representation in LIP is sparse, with only the most salient or behaviourally relevant objects being strongly represented.

The representation of visual salience in monkey parietal cortex

Measurement and Modeling of Depth Cue Combination: in Defense of Weak Fusion

Aging preserves the ability to perceive 3D object shape from static but not deforming boundary contours

The effects of spatiotemporal integration on maximum displacement thresholds for the detection of coherent motion.

Stereopsis and aging

The ability of younger and older observers to perceive surface slant was investigated in four experiments. The surfaces possessed slants of 20 degrees, 35 degrees, 50 degrees, and 65 degrees, relative to the frontoparallel plane. The observers judged the slants using either a palm board (Experiments 1, 3, and 4) or magnitude estimation (Experiment 2). In Experiments 1-3, physically slanted surfaces were used (the surfaces possessed marble, granite, pebble, and circle textures), whereas computer-generated 3-D surfaces (defined by motion parallax and binocular disparity) were utilized in Experiment 4. The results showed that the younger and older observers' performance was essentially identical with regard to accuracy. The younger and older age groups, however, differed in terms of precision in Experiments 1 and 2: The judgments of the older observers were more variable across repeated trials. When taken as a whole, the results demonstrate that older observers (at least through the age of 83 years) can effectively extract information about slant in depth from optical patterns containing texture, motion parallax, or binocular disparity.

https://www.wku.edu/psychological-sciences/labs/vision_and_haptics/downloads/p629.pdf

Aging and the Perception of Slant from Optical Texture, Motion Parallax, and Binocular Disparity

Both judgment studies and studies of feedforward reaching have shown that the visual perception of object distance, size, and shape are inaccurate However, feedback has been shown to calibrate feedfoward reaches-tograsp to make them accurate with respect to object distance and size We now investigate whether shape perception (in particular, the aspect ratio of object depth to width) can be calibrated in the context of reaches-to-grasp We used cylindrical objects with elliptical cross-sections of varying eccentricity Our participants reached to grasp the width or the depth of these objects with the index finger and thumb The maximum grasp aperture and the terminal grasp aperture were used to evaluate perception Both occur before the hand has contacted an object In Experiments 1 and 2, we investigated whether perceived shape is recalibrated by distorted haptic feedback Although somewhat equivocal, the results suggest that it is not In Experiment 3, we tested the accuracy of feedforward grasping with respect to shape with haptic feedback to allow calibration Grasping was inaccurate in ways comparable to findings in shape perception judgment studies In Experiment 4, we hypothesized that online guidance is needed for accurate grasping Participants reached to grasp either with or without vision of the hand The result was that the former was accurate, whereas the latter was not We conclude that shape perception is not calibrated by feedback from reaches-to-grasp and that online visual guidance is required for accurate grasping because shape perception is poor

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/PP.70.6.1032.pdf

J. Farley Norman

Papers

Aging preserves the ability to perceive 3D object shape from static but not deforming boundary contours

The effects of spatiotemporal integration on maximum displacement thresholds for the detection of coherent motion.

Stereopsis and aging

Aging and the Perception of Slant from Optical Texture, Motion Parallax, and Binocular Disparity

Poor Shape Perception Is the Reason Reaches-to-Grasp Are Visually Guided Online