Regulation of protein synthesis in heart muscle. I. Effect of amino acid levels on protein synthesis.

Nature of insulin action on amino acid uptake by the isolated diaphragm.

Overtraining is defined as an increase in training volume and/or intensity of exercise resulting in performance decrements. Recovery from this condition often requires many weeks or months. A shorter or less severe variation of overtraining is referred to as overreaching, which is easily recovered from in just a few days. Many structured training programmes utilise phases of overreaching to provide variety of the training stimulus. Much of the scientific literature on overtraining is based on aerobic activities, despite the fact that resistance exercise is a large component of many exercise programmes. Chronic resistance exercise can result in differential responses to overtraining depending on whether either training volume or training intensity is excessive. The neuroendocrine system is a complex physiological entity that can influence many other systems. Neuroendocrine responses to high volume resistance exercise overtraining appear to be somewhat similar to overtraining for aerobic activities. On the other hand, excessive resistance training intensity produces a distinctly different neuroendocrine profile. As a result, some of the neuroendocrine characteristics often suggested as markers of overtraining may not be applicable to some overtraining scenarios. Further research will permit elucidation of the interactions between the neuroendocrine system and other physiological systems in the aetiology of performance decrements from overtraining.

Resistance exercise overtraining and overreaching. Neuroendocrine responses

1. An isotope tracer method for estimating methane production in sheep is described. 2. The technique was used to estimate methane produced in both the upper and lower digestive tract and to determine the routes by which it was excreted. 3. Four Merino ewes given lucerne chaff (33 g every hour) were used. 4. Total methane production rate was 21 +/- 1-1 (SE) ml/min; production in the rumen accounted for 87 +/- 1-2% of the total production; 95 +/- 1-4% of the methane produced in the rumen was excreted by eructation. 5. Of the methane produced in the lower digestive tract, 89 +/- 2-3% was excreted through the lungs and 11% through the anus.

/pdf/rates-of-production-of-methane-in-the-rumen-and-large-aqpn8il3um.pdf

Rates of production of methane in the rumen and large intestine of sheep.

http://www.jbc.org/content/284/30/19937.full.pdf

Liver-specific deletion of the growth hormone receptor reveals essential role of growth hormone signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism

The in vitro incorporation of DL-leucine-2-C14 into diaphragm protein was investigated. Hypophysectomy decreases and growth hormone stimulates leucine-C14 incorporation in fed and fasted animals. The stimulation of leucine- CM incorporation into diaphragm protein effected by growth hormone was not accompanied by a concomitant increase in Q014. Thyroidectomy, while reducing diaphragm Qo2, did not alter leucine-C14 incorporation.

The effect of growth hormone on the in vitro incorporation of leucine-2-C14 into the protein of rat diaphragm.

The influence of the pituitary on the transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-1-C(14) into the cells of isolated rat diaphragm was investigated. Hypophysectomy results in a lower-than-normal rate of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-1-C(14) penetration into muscle. Adding either simian or bovine growth hormone preparations to the incubation medium in concentrations of 2.5 to 25 microg/ml of medium resulted in a doubling of the alpha-aminoisobutyric acid-l-C(14) penetration rate. The stimulatory effect was minimized when the hormone concentration was reduced to 0.25 microg/ml of medium.

Stimulation of amino acid transport in isolated diaphragm by growth hormone added in vitro.

The stimulation of leucine-2-C14 incorporation into the protein of isolated rat diaphragm by simian growth hormone added in vitro.

The experimental inuction of ovulation in the hypophysectomized rhesus monkey is reported. This was produced by appropriate treatment with desiccated thyroid, porcine FSH and HCG during a time interval roughly equivalent to the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.

J. L. Kostyo

Papers

The effect of growth hormone on the in vitro incorporation of leucine-2-C14 into the protein of rat diaphragm.

Stimulation of amino acid transport in isolated diaphragm by growth hormone added in vitro.

The stimulation of leucine-2-C14 incorporation into the protein of isolated rat diaphragm by simian growth hormone added in vitro.

Production of ovulation in the hypophysectomized rhesus monkey1

Endocrinology: PRODUCTION OF OVULATION IN THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RHESUS MONKEY