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Using Multivariate Statistics

Following the 2016 U.S. presidential election, many have expressed concern about the effects of false stories (“fake news”), circulated largely through social media. We discuss the economics of fake news and present new data on its consumption prior to the election. Drawing on web browsing data, archives of fact-checking websites, and results from a new online survey, we find: (i) social media was an important but not dominant source of election news, with 14 percent of Americans calling social media their “most important” source; (ii) of the known false news stories that appeared in the three months before the election, those favoring Trump were shared a total of 30 million times on Facebook, while those favoring Clinton were shared 8 million times; (iii) the average American adult saw on the order of one or perhaps several fake news stories in the months around the election, with just over half of those who recalled seeing them believing them; and (iv) people are much more likely to believe stories that favor their preferred candidate, especially if they have ideologically segregated social media networks.

/pdf/social-media-and-fake-news-in-the-2016-election-1m4ttkb5mo.pdf

Social Media and Fake News in the 2016 Election

Connections: New Ways of Working in the Networked Organization

Ease of use and usefulness are believed to be fundamental in determining the acceptance and use of various, corporate ITs. These beliefs, however, may not explain the user’s behavior toward newly emerging ITs, such as the World-Wide-Web (WWW). In this study, we introduce playfulness as a new factor that reflects the user’s intrinsic belief in WWW acceptance. Using it as an intrinsic motivation factor, we extend and empirically validate the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for the WWW context. # 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

/pdf/beyond-the-usefulness-and-ease-of-use-extending-the-tam-for-2r69uxvmta.pdf

Beyond the Usefulness and Ease of Use : Extending the TAM for a World - Wide - Web Context

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition of digital transformation (DT) and to introduce a structured approach with phases, activities and results. Our research is based on a literature review which provides insight into the basic understanding of DT. Examples complete the research and show the practical application of DT. The main findings are that although DT is a widely known concept, an approach for the structured DT of business models is missing. The paper offers a clear definition of the DT of business models and phases for the DT of business models. Moreover, the paper offers examples of enablers and DT.

Digital Transformation of Business Models — Best Practice, Enablers, and Roadmap

A long and rich research tradition exists on the phenomenon of business incubators since this kind of venture support institution first emerged. One can observe an increasing heterogeneity of incubation beyond the traditional mainstream focus on regional development and university-based incubators. In the last decade, in particular the phenomenon of accelerators as a particular form of incubators received increasing research interest. A few literature reviews started summarizing the field, but left some important issues unanswered. This systematic review study contributes to this effort deriving current themes and a research agenda. We find that open innovation and social capital theory increasingly complement the resource-based view as frameworks to understand business incubation. Moreover, the phenomenon of private corporate incubators and accelerators gains traction, both in entrepreneurship theory and practice.

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Business incubators and accelerators: a co-citation analysis-based, systematic literature review

Digital transformation (DT) has become a buzzword, triggering different disciplines in research and influencing practice, which leads to independent research streams. Scholars investigate the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of these disruptive technologies by examining the use of single technologies or of digitization, in general. Approaches are often very specialized and restricted to their domains. Thus, the immense breadth of technologies and their possible applications conditions a fragmentation of research, impeding a holistic view. With this systematic literature review, we aim to fill this gap in providing an overview of the different disciplines of DT research from a holistic business perspective. We identified the major research streams and clustered them with co-citation network analysis in nine main areas. Our research shows the main fields of interest in digital transformation research, overlaps of the research areas and fields that are still underrepresented. Within the business research areas, we identified three dominant areas in literature: finance, marketing, and innovation management. However, research streams also arise in terms of single branches like manufacturing or tourism. This study highlights these diverse research streams with the aim of deepening the understanding of digital transformation in research. Yet, research on DT still lacks in the areas of accounting, human resource management, and sustainability. The findings were distilled into a framework of the nine main areas for assisting the implications on potential research gaps on DT from a business perspective.

/pdf/research-streams-on-digital-transformation-from-a-holistic-4iw8y4tyxq.pdf

Research streams on digital transformation from a holistic business perspective: a systematic literature review and citation network analysis

Trust critically affects the perceived probability of receiving expected returns on investment. Crowdfunding differs in many ways from traditional forms of investing. We have to ask what builds tru...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00472778.2019.1661682

In crowdfunding we trust: A trust-building model in lending crowdfunding

Open source software (OSS) and hardware (OSH) are two expressions of one broader concept and its related movement. One of the most fundamental questions relating to these phenomena is why developers contribute their private resources to these public goods. While this question has been discussed, theorized, and empirically investigated in the context of OSS, there has been no research so far in the context of OSH. Can we really assume the motivations behind the development of the OSH to be the same as those behind OSS? Based on the self‐determination theory (SDT), we provide original insights into the motivations behind contributions to OSH development. We collected data from the most common and active 3D printing communities, which are the main loci of OSH development. We thus have a unique cross‐sectional data set with participants from over 30 different countries using all kinds of different OSH platforms. Our analysis reveals several important findings: firstly, the motivations are in some aspects very similar to those in open source software notwithstanding different possibilities, hurdles, and incentives regarding the OSS and OSH. Above all, enjoyment‐based intrinsic motivation is a major factor affecting contribution levels. Secondly, among internalized extrinsic motivations, expected private benefits through improving own skills stands out. Thirdly, different factors of internalized extrinsic motivations can have different moderating effects on the effect of enjoyment‐based intrinsic motivation. Given the imminent changes in business models throughout manufacturing industries in order to adapt to the challenge that OSH will increasingly pose, our findings have important implications not only for OSH communities and 3D development platforms, but also for businesses that want and probably soon have to engage in open innovation.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/radm.12348

Why makers make what they make: motivations to contribute to open source hardware development

In this study, we investigate the factors at employee level that influence the adoption of a customer-facing video conferencing software in an insurance company. Despite the associated benefit of significantly reduced driving times for the insurance agents, less than half of our sample finally adopted the software. We analyse the employees’ self-efficacy, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, risk propensity as well as trust in superiors as factors influencing their adoption behaviour. Our findings indicate that risk propensity and trust in superiors influence the behaviour only insignificantly, whereas self-efficacy as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation have an impact on the adoption behaviour. Surprisingly though, the extrinsic motivation points into the opposite direction as hypothesised. Employees who score high on extrinsic motivation are less likely to adopt this workplace innovation.

J. Piet Hausberg

Papers

Business incubators and accelerators: a co-citation analysis-based, systematic literature review

Research streams on digital transformation from a holistic business perspective: a systematic literature review and citation network analysis

In crowdfunding we trust: A trust-building model in lending crowdfunding

Why makers make what they make: motivations to contribute to open source hardware development

Employees' Adoption of Workplace Innovations.