Comparison of the Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents: a review of the environmental impacts.

https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/3249858/2007_333.pdf

Critical comparison of radiometric and mass spectrometric methods for the determination of radionuclides in environmental, biological and nuclear waste samples.

Bioreduction of Fe-bearing clay minerals and their reactivity toward pertechnetate (Tc-99)

https://orbit.dtu.dk/files/9889307/Postprint_determination.pdf

Determination of technetium-99 in environmental samples: A review

Electrothermal vaporization–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: A versatile tool for tackling challenging samples: A critical review

The deposition of transuranium elements in Sweden following the Chernobyl accident was investigated through the analysis of carpets of lichen-and moss-samples and also air-filters and precipitation The impact of transuranium elements was small compared to that of radiocesium The deposition of239+240Pu was, as for other actinides, inhomogeneously distributed and ranged from 01% to 100% of the inventory in 1986 from nuclear detonation tests The activity ratio of239+240Pu/137Cs was between 10−3 and 10−6 in comparison to 10−2 for nuclear test fallout The activity ratios of241Pu,242Cm,238Pu,243+244Am and239+240Pu were about 86, 14, 047, 014, and 013 respectively, but large variations were observed The results from Sweden were compared with those found in South Finland, Denmark and Southern Europe The deposition over Scandinavia originated from the initial explosion at Chernobyl, which contained relatively higher amounts of actinide elements than the second emission, which occurred a few days later and was a result of actions taken to bring the fire under control

Fallout of transuranium elements following the Chernobyl accident

A method of99Tc determination has been developed based on sample decomposition followed by purification from interfering elements by hydroxide and oxide precipitations. Technetium is extracted by TBP and electrodeposited onto stainless steel discs from sodium hydroxide solution.99Tcm is used as yield monitor. The method has been applied to study releases from different sources and contents in different samples of atmospheric, terrestrial and marine origin. Results show enhanced99Tc/137Cs activity ratios for samples collected in recent years which are only expected to be contaminated from fallout from nuclear tests. Integrated fallout measurements did not reflect these enhanced ratios.

Radiochemical measurements of99Tc: Sources and environmental levels

A method has been developed for the determination of63Ni in environmental samples. The samples are ashed and leached with aqua regia whereafter hydroxides are precipitated with ammonia, leaving Ni in the aqueous phase. Nickel is extracted as dimethyl glyoxime complex by chloroform and back-extracted with HCl. Finially, Ni is electroplated onto a copper disc from an ammonium sulphate medium at high pH. The radiochemical yield is determined by atomic absorption measurements of stable Ni before and after electrodeposition.

J. Rioseco

Papers

Fallout of transuranium elements following the Chernobyl accident

Radiochemical measurements of99Tc: Sources and environmental levels

Nickel-63: radiochemical separation and measurement with an ion implanted silicon detector

Beta spectrometry with surface barrier detectors