Cellulose based ZnO nanocomposite (RCZ) films were prepared from cellulose carbamate–NaOH/ZnO solutions through one-step coagulation in Na2SO4 aqueous solutions. The structure and properties of RCZ films were characterized using XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TEM, TG, tensile testing, and antibacterial activity tests. The content of ZnO in RCZ films was obtained in the range of 2.7–15.1 wt %. ZnO nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite structure agglomerated into large particles, which firmly embedded in the cellulose matrix. RCZ films displayed good mechanical properties and high thermal stability. Moreover, the films exhibited excellent UV-blocking properties and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. A dramatic reduction in viable bacteria was observed within 3 h of exposure, while all of the bacteria were killed within 6 h. This work provided a novel and simple pathway for the preparation of regenerated cellulose films with ZnO nanoparticles for application as functional bi...

Construction of Cellulose Based ZnO Nanocomposite Films with Antibacterial Properties through One-Step Coagulation

Binary Zn-Cu alloy system is developed as potential biodegradable materials for cardiovascular implant application. The microstructure, tensile properties, in vitro corrosion behavior, cytotoxicity and antibacterial property of as-extruded Zn-xCu (x=1, 2, 3, and 4wt%) alloys are investigated systematically. It shows that as Cu content increases more CuZn5 phase precipitates. After extrusion, the CuZn5 phases are broken and the grains of Zn-xCu alloys are refined. Tensile test shows that Cu addition could significantly improve the mechanical properties of Zn-xCu alloys. Particularly, the elongation of the Zn-4Cu reaches 50.6±2.8%, which could facilitate the micro-tubes processing for stent fabrication. The micro-tubes of 3mm in outer diameter and 0.2mm in thickness as well as vascular stents have been fabricated successfully using the Zn-Cu binary alloy. The degradation rates of Zn-xCu alloys in c-SBF solution are quite low, which vary from 22.1±4.7 to 33.0±1.0μmyear-1. With increasing Cu concentration, the corrosion rates of the Zn-xCu alloys generally exhibit a little increase compared with pure Zn, which show no significant difference among Zn-xCu alloys. In vitro test shows that Zn-xCu alloys exhibit acceptable cytotoxicity to human endothelial cells and the antibacterial property (S. aureus) is perfect when Cu concentration is higher than 2wt%. Therefore, the newly developed Zn-xCu binary alloys could be promising candidates for biodegradable cardiovascular implant application due to their excellent combination of strength and ductility, low degradation rates, acceptable cytotoxicity and good antibacterial property.

Potential biodegradable Zn-Cu binary alloys developed for cardiovascular implant applications.

A review on membrane engineering for innovation in wearable fabrics and protective textiles

Extraction of nanocellulose and in-situ casting of ZnO/cellulose nanocomposite with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity.

The biological routes are advantageous over the chemical and physical ones as unlike. These, the biological synthesis protocol occurs at ambient conditions, are cheap, non-toxic and eco-friendly. This research describes the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Vitex negundo plant extract with zinc nitrate hexahydrate as precursor. Biomolecules present in plant extract can be used to hydrolyze metal ions into metal oxide NPs in a single-step green synthesis. The hydrolyzing agents involved the various water soluble plant metabolites such as flavonoid, alkaloids, flavone, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and co-enzymes. Presence of isoorientin (flavone) in V. negundo plant extract is mainly responsible for the formation of ZnO NPs. The prepared ZnO NPs were calcinated at 450°C and were confirmed by XRD, FT-IR, UV-visible, SEM with EDX and DLS analysis. The biological application of antibacterial activity was done by gram positive and gram negative bacteria.

Antibacterial behaviour of Vitex negundo extract assisted ZnO nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria.

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES COATED SONOCHEMICALLY ONTO TEXTILE FABRICS Gagandeep Singh, Eadaoin M. Joyce*, James Beddow and Timothy J. Mason Address*: Dr Eadaoin M. Joyce, The Sonochemistry Centre, Coventry University, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB, UK. Email, Contact number: +44 (0) 2476888075, Fax: +44 (0) 2476888173 *Corresponding author: e.joyce@coventry.ac.uk ABSTRACT Growing resistance of microorganisms to potent antibiotics has renewed a great interest towards investigating bactericidal properties of nanoparticles and their nano-composites as an alternative. In the present work studies have been carried out to investigate the antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). Various tests were performed to assess the antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics coated with ZnO nanoparticles against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram negative Escherichia coli. The antibacterial activities of the fabrics were assessed semi-quantitatively by the agar diffusion method and the shake flask method (nutrient broth) and quantitatively by the shake flask method (saline) and the absorption method (ISO 20743:2007). The results showed a significant antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles coated onto fabrics against both bacteria, with a slightly higher activity against Staphylococcus aureus as compared to Escherichia coli. Keywords: Antibacterial textiles; zinc oxide nanoparticles; antimicrobial finish

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EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES COATED SONOCHEMICALLY ONTO TEXTILE FABRICS

A sonochemical technology for coating of textiles with antibacterial nanoparticles and equipment for itsimplementation

Copper and copper compounds have multifunctional properties (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) with promising applications. Copper in its nanoparticle (Cu NPs) forms has been widely used in various industrial and commercial applications. In the current research, the cytotoxic effects of textile fabrics impregnated with copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were studied in mammalian cell lines. CuO NPs were impregnated onto textile substrates using 2 different techniques: the sonochemical generation and impregnation of NPs from metal complexes ( insitu) and a "throwing the stones" technology using commercially prepared CuO NPs. The cytotoxicity of these 2 textile fabric types was assayed on human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) and was evaluated by indirect contact using an MTT assay. The impregnated fabrics were not exposed to the cells, rather their leachates were used to test cytotoxicity. The fabrics were soaked into the growth media for up to 7 days, and the leachates from day 1 and day 7 were incubated with the cell lines for 24 hours prior to the testing. The discharge or leaching from antimicrobial nanomaterials into the surroundings and surface waters is posing a serious environmental threat, which needs to be addressed. Hence, with regard to product safety, it is a good approach to study the fabric leachates rather than the intact material. The results showed that CuO NPs are not toxic to HDF cells. However, cytotoxicity was seen in HepG2 cells with cell viability decreasing by 20% to 25% for all the fabrics after 24 hours.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1091581817736712

James Beddow

Papers

EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ZnO NANOPARTICLES COATED SONOCHEMICALLY ONTO TEXTILE FABRICS

A sonochemical technology for coating of textiles with antibacterial nanoparticles and equipment for itsimplementation

Cytotoxicity Study of Textile Fabrics Impregnated With CuO Nanoparticles in Mammalian Cells.