Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism

Social Psychology (2nd ed.).

Kajian berkaitan dengan integrasi kaum di Malaysia agak kompleks. Ini kerana, sosio politik setiap kaum bersifat perkauman. Agen-agen seperti sejarah, pendidikan, media, parti politik dan pertubuhan bukan kerajaan amat kuat mencengkam budaya politik setiap kaum. Akhirnya, lahirlah setiap bangsa yang memperjuangkan kepentingan masing-masing. Bukti-bukti ini diperolehi melalui tinjauan yang dibuat ke atas kajian-kajian sebelum ini. Keadaan tidak banyak berubah sehingga ke hari ini. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai sejauh mana pengaruh agen sosio politik seperti sejarah, institusi keluarga dan pendidikan yang dilalui meninggalkan kesan terhadap hubungan antara kaum. Hasil kajian menunjukkan sosio-politik perkauman melahirkan sentimen perkauman yang tinggi. Integrasi masih lagi samar. Realitinya, sentimen perkauman masih kuat mencengkam budaya politik masyarakat berbilang kaum.

https://ejournal.ukm.my/jhadhari/article/download/12231/3853

CABARAN INTEGRASI ANTARA KAUM DI MALAYSIA: PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH, KELUARGA DAN PENDIDIKAN (The Challenges of Multi-Racial Integration in Malaysia: Historical, Family and Education Perspective)

Indikator hubungan sosial dalam masyarakat Malaysia sentiasa menunjukkan dalam keadaan pasang surut. Lebih-lebih lagi di era teknologi komunikasi dan maklumat kini. Saban hari timbul pelbagai isu yang melibatkan unsur-unsur provokasi, prejudis dan persepsi yang didorong oleh pelbagai faktor sama ada dalaman atau luaran. Terutamanya, dalam peralihan kuasa pasca PRU14, isu-isu sensitif yang timbul dalam masyarakat Malaysia merentasi kepercayaan dan pegangan agama, dan juga etnik perkauman. Berbanding sebelumnya, isu yang timbul lebih bersifat keagamaan dan perkauman.
Sebaliknya pada masa kini, isu yang tercetus lebih cenderung kepada blok politik yang utama yang tidak lagi berdasarkan parti politik perkauman, khusus kaum Melayu, Cina dan India. Sebaliknya, isu sensitif di era baharu telah diwarnai dengan latar belakang parti politik yang multi agama dan multi kaum. Selaras dengan perubahan lanskap politik tersebut, isu-isu yang timbul merentasi stereotaip agama dan etnik. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini akan membincangkan tentang isu-isu sensitif dalam masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia pasca PRU14 dan merumuskan pendekatan yang relevan dengan prinsip kesederhanaan Islam dalam menangani isu sensitif yang berbangkit sesuai dengan realiti keragaman di Malaysia. Bagi mencapai objektif tersebut, isu-isu sensitif akan dikenalpasti secara rawak melalui media cetak dan media sosial dan akan dianalisis kandungannya. Berdasarkan isu tersebut, satu pendekatan kesederhanaan akan dirumuskan sebagai solusi yang efisien bagi menanganinya. Oleh itu, hubungan sosial perlu dipelihara oleh semua pihak agar keharmonian bersama dapat diwujudkan dalam suasana iklim politik baharu.

Isu-isu sensitif dalam masyarakat majmuk di Malaysia pasca Pilihanraya Umum (PRU14): Aplikasi pendekatan kesederhanaan

Malaysia is a prosperous, modern Islamic nation in which three main ethnic groups-Malay, Chinese and Indian-coexist peacefully, while maintaining their unique cultural identities. Yet this stable society is founded upon a form of affirmative action that has led to condemnation of Malaysia as an inherently racist society, and to criticisms of the architect of that policy, Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, who outlined his ideas in his book, The Malay Dilemma, in 1970. The winners from Mahathir’s New Economic Policy have been the indigenous Malays who receive preferential treatment in education and business; the losers are the Chinese who feel they are the victims of inherently undemocratic restrictions. The author, a Chinese Malaysian businessman, argues controversially that whatever the cost, the benefits of the policy are indisputable. He not only queries many of Mahathir’s ideas, he also challenges the simplistic views of the leader’s Chinese and Western critics. Besides making a major contribution to Malaysian political and social thought, this book raises broader questions about Chinese cultural identity and the role and expectations of the overseas Chinese-a people who have left their mark in almost every corner of the world.

The Chinese Dilemma

Malaysia is a country of diverse ethnicities and cultures. This phenomenon has created various social perceptions and stereotypes between different ethnic groups. Stereotypes serve as a cognitive process for organizing social information in a complex social environment by facilitating information processing. Limited human cognitive ability influences the simple categorization process to operate and receive information. In fact, when one confirms stereotypes against a group it will lead to bias in thought as well as behaviour. Therefore, this paper scrutinizes in general about the belief on the ethnic social cultural that has been embedded in human mind. This research also reviews the stereotypical as a representation of the cognitive and reality of this complex social environment.

https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/9020/images-in-the-human-mind-between-stereotype-and-reality-of-the-ethnic-groups-in-malaysia.pdf

Images in the Human Mind: Between Stereotype and Reality of the Ethnic Groups in Malaysia

As an indigenous people of Malaysia, the Orang Asli consists of eighteen (18) different ethnicities throughout the Malaysia peninsular. Ironically, the Orang Asli is still commonly associated with the poor condition of social and economic status, although this diversity reflects the variety and richness of Malaysia’s culture and heritage. For years, the government and many other benefactors have done development initiatives to improve the community, yet the results were not successful. Despite countless and various efforts taken for this, the Orang Asli is still considered as the least-developed ethnic compared to the other mainstream people. This paper attempts to give an outlook of the Mah Meri people, which is one of the eighteen (18) Orang Asli ethnics in Malaysia. What is the current trend of the discussion about the Mah Meri people discussed in the publications from 1973-2019 in articles, thesis, journals and proceedings using ERIC, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and SAGE? Using literature and systematic review, analysis is taken from across various disciplines and fields to provide a critical background and viewpoint on the Mah Meri people, as an indicator for the Orang Asli development. The findings show that there are eight (8) significant themes in the literature review of the Mah Meri people which are belief system, culture and tradition, arts and language, environment, economics and social, tourism and health. From the accumulated and discussed analysis, it is also found that other important aspects of the people like environment, health, and belief system are underrated and least been focused. The findings also show that there are still insufficient details and scholarly reviews, development, and prominent initiatives taken and done on the Mah Meri people. Having said that, more efforts in terms of development initiatives and scholarly reviews have to be done on the Mah Meri people, as well as on the other Orang Asli ethnics respectively, across broader focus and spectrum equally, to ensure the balance community development growth for Orang Asli in Malaysia.

https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/8293/a-systematic-review-on-the-mah-meri-people-in-malaysia.pdf

A Systematic Review on the Mah Meri People in Malaysia

1Malaysia had been seen as a concept that will work in the plural community and to ensure the equality despite the racial groups and religion. Ever since the 1Malaysia concept was announced in 2009 by the 6th Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, there are lots of opinions and responds being voiced out towards this idea. With the slogan of ‘People First, Performance Now”, it urges Malaysians to stay united regardless ethnics and religions. The major aim of this conception is to create racial harmony and unity among its citizens (Malay, Chinese and Indians ethnics). This paper will analyze the people’s perception and their level of understanding and acceptance towards 1Malaysia including their views on the introduction of 1Malaysia in early days and how multi-ethnic people interpretative this conception. The promotion of 1Malaysia can be widely seen in the traditional media and new media. Textual analysis and in-depth interviews methods have been used to identify the effectiveness of 1Malaysia towards the country development and how the ruling government, Barisan Nasional (BN) response in promoting one identity to representing the country. Despite, the great promotion and educating the Malaysians on the 1Malaysia goals, many of them still criticize the government and not supporting its implementation. The 1Malaysia is not only being criticized by the public, but also among the politicians especially from the Opposition parties. Yet, the ruling government, BN took an action by protecting 1Malaysia and believing in it. The government stands strong behind this concept and put lots of effort in order for this to succeed.

https://hrmars.com/papers_submitted/9211/the-perception-and-acceptance-of-malaysians-ethnics-on-the-concept-of-1malaysia-and-nation-building-online-media-and-mainstream-media-coverage-meditation.pdf

The Perception and Acceptance of Malaysians Ethnics on The Concept of 1Malaysia and Nation Building: Online Media and Mainstream Media Coverage Meditation

Jamilah Shaari

Papers

Images in the Human Mind: Between Stereotype and Reality of the Ethnic Groups in Malaysia

A Systematic Review on the Mah Meri People in Malaysia

The Perception and Acceptance of Malaysians Ethnics on The Concept of 1Malaysia and Nation Building: Online Media and Mainstream Media Coverage Meditation