Janet M. Harouse

TL;DR: It is shown that passive intravenous transfer of the human neutralizing monoclonal antibody b12 provides dose-dependent protection to macaques vaginally challenged with the R5 virus SHIV162P4, suggesting that a vaccine based on antibody alone would need to sustain serum neutralizing antibody titers of the order of 1:400 to achieve sterile protection but that lower titers, around 1:100, could provide a significant benefit.

TL;DR: A critical role of co-receptor utilization in viral pathogenesis is suggested and in vivo infection with chimeric simian-human immunodeficiency virus provides a reliable in vivo model for preclinical examination of HIV-1 vaccines and therapeutic agents in the context of the HIV- 1 envelope protein.

TL;DR: The efficient mucosal transmission of a CCR5-specific chimeric simian/human immunodeficiency virus, SHIVSF162P3, is described and this controlled model provides the setting to investigate immunologic responses and putative host-specific susceptibility factors that alter viral transmission and subsequent disease progression.

TL;DR: The data suggest that SHIV variants with changes in the Env SU can be selected in vivo primarily by virtue of their ability to escape neutralizing antibody recognition and carbohydrates play an important role in conferring neutralization escape, possibly by altering the structure of envelope gp120 or by shielding principal neutralization sites.

TL;DR: Analysis of cellular immune responses revealed slower response rates in virus-specific IFN-gamma production to SIV Gag in the Depo-treated macaques, which may account for the increase viral burden and diversity and the predominance of X4 virus replication in SHIV infected macaques that were administered the progestin-based contraceptive.