Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs

EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2016.

https://uroweb.org/wp-content/uploads/Babjuk-M-et-al.-Eur-Urol-2013-644639.-EAU-Guidelines-on-non-muscle-invasive-urothelial-carcinoma-of-the-bladder-updqte-2013.pdf

EAU Guidelines on Non–Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Update 2013

Metastatic spread of cancer continues to be the greatest barrier to cancer cure. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of metastasis is crucial for the design and effective use of novel therapeutic strategies to combat metastases. One class of molecules that has been repeatedly implicated in metastasis is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this review, we re-examine the evidence that MMPs are associated with metastasis and that they make a functional contribution to the process. Initially, it was believed that the major role of MMPs in metastasis was to facilitate the breakdown of physical barriers to metastasis, thus promoting invasion and entry into and out of blood or lymphatic vessels (intravasation, extravasation). However, recent evidence suggests that MMPs may have a more complex role in metastasis and that they may make important contributions at other steps in the metastatic process. Studies using intravital videomicroscopy, as well as experiments in which levels of MMPs or their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMPs]) are manipulated genetically or pharmacologically, suggest that MMPs are key regulators of growth of tumors, at both primary and metastatic sites. On the basis of this evidence, a new view of the functional role of MMPs in metastasis is presented, which suggests that MMPs are important in creating and maintaining an environment that supports the initiation and maintenance of growth of primary and metastatic tumors. Further clarification of the mechanisms by which MMPs regulate growth of primary and metastatic tumors will be important in the development of novel therapeutic strategies against metastases.

/pdf/changing-views-of-the-role-of-matrix-metalloproteinases-in-17khjxc5wu.pdf

Changing Views of the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases in Metastasis

2458 Despite dramatic improvements in treatment over the past 40 years, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains one of the most common causes of death from disease in childhood. Glucocorticoids are among the most effective agents used in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies, and patient response to treatment is an important determinant of long-term outcome in childhood ALL. In spite of its clinical significance, the molecular basis of glucocorticoid resistance is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to develop an experimental model system to define clinically relevant mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL. An in vivo model of childhood ALL has been developed in our laboratory, using patient biopsies established as xenografts in immune-deficient nonobese diabetic severe-combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. This model is highly representative of the human disease (Lock et al., Blood, 99: 4100-4108, 2002). The in vivo responses of these xenografts to the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) correlated significantly with patient outcome (p 1 μM) in xenografts from six patients, five of whom died of their disease. In contrast, four DEX-sensitive xenografts (IC50 values 2-fold in sensitive xenografts within 8 hours of treatment. In contrast, Bim induction was dramatically attenuated in DEX-resistant xenografts. These results have identified a clinically significant and novel mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance in childhood ALL, which occurs downstream of receptor-ligand interactions, but upstream of the signalling pathway resulting in Bim induction and apoptosis.

Novel mechanisms of glucocorticoid resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

760 Retrospective study of the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) Spanish Collaborative Group alerts endocavitary BCG/MMC instillations, in unsuitable patients, could be deleterious in terms of survival

1740 retrospective study of different options in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer t1g3: maintenance bcg is here to stay

Presentation of a new case of synchronic concurrence of renal adenocarcinoma and papillar carcinoma of renal pelvis on the same kidney. The origin of this double malignant renal tumour remains unknown, although several hypothesis have been raised. We believe that coexistence of both tumours is more than casual and we would underscore the morphogenetic interpretation of such coincidence.

Javier C. Angulo

Papers

760 Retrospective study of the upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUT-UC) Spanish Collaborative Group alerts endocavitary BCG/MMC instillations, in unsuitable patients, could be deleterious in terms of survival

1740 retrospective study of different options in the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer t1g3: maintenance bcg is here to stay

[Double renal tumor: histogenetic implications].

512 a dna hypermethylation profile for prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Lymphoepithelioma-like Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: Case Report and Review of the Literature