Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Couplings and changes of variables.- Three examples of coupling techniques.- The founding fathers of optimal transport.- Qualitative description of optimal transport.- Basic properties.- Cyclical monotonicity and Kantorovich duality.- The Wasserstein distances.- Displacement interpolation.- The Monge-Mather shortening principle.- Solution of the Monge problem I: global approach.- Solution of the Monge problem II: Local approach.- The Jacobian equation.- Smoothness.- Qualitative picture.- Optimal transport and Riemannian geometry.- Ricci curvature.- Otto calculus.- Displacement convexity I.- Displacement convexity II.- Volume control.- Density control and local regularity.- Infinitesimal displacement convexity.- Isoperimetric-type inequalities.- Concentration inequalities.- Gradient flows I.- Gradient flows II: Qualitative properties.- Gradient flows III: Functional inequalities.- Synthetic treatment of Ricci curvature.- Analytic and synthetic points of view.- Convergence of metric-measure spaces.- Stability of optimal transport.- Weak Ricci curvature bounds I: Definition and Stability.- Weak Ricci curvature bounds II: Geometric and analytic properties.

Optimal Transport: Old and New

Notation.- Notation.- Gradient Flow in Metric Spaces.- Curves and Gradients in Metric Spaces.- Existence of Curves of Maximal Slope and their Variational Approximation.- Proofs of the Convergence Theorems.- Uniqueness, Generation of Contraction Semigroups, Error Estimates.- Gradient Flow in the Space of Probability Measures.- Preliminary Results on Measure Theory.- The Optimal Transportation Problem.- The Wasserstein Distance and its Behaviour along Geodesics.- Absolutely Continuous Curves in p(X) and the Continuity Equation.- Convex Functionals in p(X).- Metric Slope and Subdifferential Calculus in (X).- Gradient Flows and Curves of Maximal Slope in p(X).

Gradient Flows: In Metric Spaces and in the Space of Probability Measures

日本物理学会誌及びJournal of the Physical Society of Japanの月刊について

We show that the porous medium equation has a gradient flow structure which is both physically and mathematically natural. In order to convince the reader that it is mathematically natural, we show that the time asymptotic behavior can be easily understood in this framework. We use the intuition and the calculus of Riemannian geometry to quantify this asymptotic behavior.

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The geometry of dissipative evolution equations: the porous medium equation

Hypocoercivity methods are applied to linear kinetic equations without any space confinement, when local equilibria have a sub-exponential decay. By Nash type estimates, global rates of decay are obtained, which reflect the behavior of the heat equation obtained in the diffusion limit. The method applies to Fokker-Planck and scattering collision operators. The main tools are a weighted Poincare inequality (in the Fokker-Planck case) and norms with various weights. The advantage of weighted Poincare inequalities compared to the more classical weak Poincare inequalities is that the description of the convergence rates to the local equilibrium does not require extra regularity assumptions to cover the transition from super-exponential and exponential local equilibria to sub-exponential local equilibria.

Hypocoercivity and Sub-Exponential Local Equilibria

This paper is devoted to the Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality on smooth compact connected Riemannian manifolds. We establish a rigidity result for the Euler-Lagrange equation and deduce an estimate of the optimal constant in the inequality on two-dimensional closed Riemannian manifolds. Compared to existing results, we provide a non-local criterion which is well adapted to variational methods, introduce a nonlinear flow along which the evolution of a functional related with the inequality is monotone and get an integral remainder term which allows us to discuss optimality issues. As an important application of our method, we also consider the non-compact case of the Moser-Trudinger-Onofri inequality on the two-dimensional Euclidean space, with weights. The standard weight is the one that is computed when projecting the two-dimensional sphere using the stereographic projection, but we also give more general results which are of interest, for instance, for the Keller-Segel model in chemotaxis.

Onofri inequalities and rigidity results

A nonlinear fourth-order parabolic equation in one space dimension with periodic boundary conditions is studied. This equation arises in the context of fluctuations of a stationary nonequilibrium interface and in the modeling of quantum semiconductor devices. The existence of global-in-time non-negative weak solutions is shown. A criterion for the uniqueness of non-negative weak solutions is given. Finally, it is proved that the solution converges exponentially fast to its mean value in the ``entropy norm'' using a new optimal logarithmic Sobolev inequality for higher derivatives.

A nonlinear fourth-order parabolic equation and related logarithmic Sobolev inequalities

We consider the non-relativistic Hartree model in the gravitational case, i.e. with attractive Coulomb-Newton interaction. For a given mass, we construct stationary states with non-zero temperature by minimizing the corresponding free energy functional. It is proved that minimizers exist if and only if the temperature of the system is below a certain threshold(possibly infinite), which itself depends on the specific choice of the entropy functional. We also investigate whether the corresponding minimizers are mixed or pure quantum states and characterize a positive critical temperature above which mixed states appear.

Thermal effects in gravitational Hartree systems

This paper is intended to give a characterization of the optimality case in Nash's inequality, based on methods of nonlinear analysis for elliptic equations and techniques of the calculus of variations. By embedding the problem into a family of Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities, this approach reveals why optimal functions have compact support and also why optimal constants are determined by a simple spectral problem.

Jean Dolbeault

Papers

Hypocoercivity and Sub-Exponential Local Equilibria

Onofri inequalities and rigidity results

A nonlinear fourth-order parabolic equation and related logarithmic Sobolev inequalities

Thermal effects in gravitational Hartree systems

A variational proof of Nash's inequality