Jean-Philippe Fraud

TL;DR: Key characteristics significantly differentiated BP-II from unipolar: younger age at onset of first depression, higher frequency of suicidal thoughts and hypersomnia during index episode, higher scores on Hypomania Checklist and cyclothymic and irritable temperaments, and higher switching rate under current treatment.

TL;DR: Mixed mania, defined cross-sectionally by the simultaneous presence of at least two depressive symptoms, represents a prevalent and clinically distinct form of mania and suggests that reversal from a temperament to an episode of "opposite" polarity represents a fundamental aspect of the dysregulation that characterizes bipolar disorder.

TL;DR: The EPIDEP study achieved its objectives by demonstrating the feasibility of identifying the bipolar spectrum at a national level, and refining its phenomenology through rigorous clinical characterization and validation of bipolar spectrum subtypes, including MDE with brief hypomanias, cyclothymia and hyperthymia.

TL;DR: These data uphold the validity of the affective temperaments under investigation in terms of face, construct, clinical and family history validity, and reveal socially positive traits in clinically recovering patients with mood disorders.