Jennifer Baker

TL;DR: A mechanism of immune regulation in which CTLA-4 acts as an effector molecule to inhibit CD28 costimulation by the cell-extrinsic depletion of ligands is revealed, accounting for many of the known features of the CD28–CTLA- 4 system.

TL;DR: Clear rules are revealed for the inhibitory function of CTLA-4 on regulatory T cells, which are predicted by its ability to remove ligands from APC, which is highly effective at low numbers of APC or low levels of ligand.

TL;DR: It is shown that induction of CTLA-4 by 1,25(OH)2D3 can actually be enhanced in the presence of Th17 polarising cytokines, and the importance of vitamin D in inflammatory settings is highlighted.

TL;DR: The intracellular pH of human platelets is affected by external pH and by the addition of metabolic substrates and analogues and it is proposed that the effect of acetate on glycolysis required the metabolism of the acetate, whereas the effects of both acetate and propionate on the pentose phosphate pathway are directly due to the decrease in internal pH.

TL;DR: Data derived from the SAFE study suggest that active screening for AF in patients aged ≥65 years in primary care is a useful screening programme with 78-83% of patients identified eligible for anticoagulation treatment according to the CHADS2 criteria.