This article examines health promotion and disease prevention from the perspective of social cognitive theory. This theory posits a multifaceted causal structure in which self-efficacy beliefs operate together with goals, outcome expectations, and perceived environmental impediments and facilitators in the regulation of human motivation, behavior, and well-being. Belief in one’s efficacy to exercise control is a common pathway through which psychosocial influences affect health functioning. This core belief affects each of the basic processes of personal change—whether people even consider changing their health habits, whether they mobilize the motivation and perseverance needed to succeed should they do so, their ability to recover from setbacks and relapses, and how well they maintain the habit changes they have achieved. Human health is a social matter, not just an individual one. A comprehensive approach to health promotion also requires changing the practices of social systems that have widespread effects on human health.

https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Bandura/Bandura2004HEB.pdf

Health Promotion by Social Cognitive Means

How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.

/pdf/from-neurons-to-neighborhoods-the-science-of-early-childhood-3bfl5g72ow.pdf

From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development

This paper aims to predict consumer acceptance of e-commerce by proposing a set of key drivers for engaging consumers in on-line transactions. The primary constructs for capturing consumer acceptance of e-commerce are intention to transact and on-line transaction behavior. Following the theory of reasoned action (TRA) as applied to a technology-driven environment, technology acceptance model (TAM) variables (perceived usefulness and ease of use) are posited as key drivers of e-commerce acceptance. The practical utility of TAM stems from the fact that e-commerce is technology-driven. The proposed model integrates trust and perceived risk, which are incorporated given the implicit uncertainty of the e-commerce environment. The proposed integration of the hypothesized independent variables is justified by placing all the variables under the nomological TRA structure and proposing their interrelationships. The resulting research model is tested using data from two empirical studies. The first, exploratory study comprises three experiential scenarios with 103 students. The second, confirmatory study uses a sample of 155 on-line consumers. Both studies strongly support the e-commerce acceptance model by validating the proposed hypotheses. The paper discusses the implications for e-commerce theory, research, and practice, and makes several suggestions for future research.

Consumer Acceptance of Electronic Commerce: Integrating Trust and Risk with the Technology Acceptance Model

The Internet could change the lives of average citizens as much as did the telephone in the early part of the 20th century and television in the 1950s and 1960s. Researchers and social critics are debating whether the Internet is improving or harming participation in community life and social relationships. This research examined the social and psychological impact of the Internet on 169 people in 73 households during their first 1 to 2 years on-line. We used longitudinal data to examine the effects of the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being. In this sample, the Internet was used extensively for communication. Nonetheless, greater use of the Internet was associated with declines in participants' communication with family members in the household, declines in the size of their social circle, and increases in their depression and loneliness. These findings have implications for research, for public policy and for the design of technology.

Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?

Existing theoretical models of individual ethical decision making in organizations place little or no emphasis on characteristics of the ethical issue itself. This article (a) proposes an issue-contingent model containing a new set of variables called moral intensity; (b) using concepts, theory, and evidence derived largely from social psychology, argues that moral intensity influences every component of moral decision making and behavior; (c) offers four research propositions: and (d) discusses implications of the theory.

https://iranakhlagh.nipc.ir/uploads/Ethical_decision_9905.pdf

Ethical Decision Making by Individuals in Organizations: An Issue-Contingent Model

Contents: Preface. M. McCombs, A. Reynolds, News Influence on Our Pictures of the World. D. Zillmann, Exemplification Theory of Media Influence. G. Gerbner, L. Gross, M. Morgan, N. Signorielli, J. Shanahan, Growing up With Television: Cultivation Processes. L.J. Shrum, Media Consumption and Perceptions of Social Reality: Effects and Underlying Processes. D.R. Roskos-Ewoldsen, B. Roskos-Ewoldsen, F.R.D. Carpentier, Media Priming: A Synthesis. A. Bandura, Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. R.E. Petty, J.R. Priester, P. Brinol, Mass Media Attitude Change: Implications of the Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. E.M. Rogers, Intermedia Processes and Powerful Media Effects. D.M. McLeod, G.M. Kosicki, J.M. McLeod, Resurveying the Boundaries of Political Communication Effects. G.G. Sparks, C.W. Sparks, Effects of Media Violence. J. Cantor, Fright Reactions to Mass Media. R.J. Harris, C.L. Scott, Effects of Sex in the Media. B.S. Greenberg, D. Mastro, J.E. Brand, Minorities and the Mass Media: Television Into the 21st Century. D.W. Stewart, P. Pavlou, S. Ward, Media Influences on Marketing Communications. S.M. Fisch, Vast Wasteland or Vast Opportunity?: Effects of Educational Television on Children's Academic Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes. R.E. Rice, C.K. Atkin, Communication Campaigns: Theory, Design, Implementation, and Evaluation. J.D. Brown, K. Walsh-Childers, Effects of Media on Personal and Public Health. R.M. Perloff, The Third-Person Effect. M.B. Oliver, Individual Differences in Media Effects. A.M. Rubin, The Uses-and-Gratifications Perspective of Media Effects. J. Bryant, D. Miron, Entertainment as Media Effect. N. Mundorf, K.R. Laird, Social and Psychological Effects of Information Technologies and Other Interactive Media.

Media effects : advances in theory and research

Theory and Research in Mass Communication

Contents: Foreword. Preface. P. Vorderer, J. Bryant, K.M. Pieper, R. Weber, Playing Video Games as Entertainment. M. Sellers, Designing the Experience of Interactive Play. Part I: The Product. H. Lowood, A Brief Biography of Computer Games. B.P. Smith, The (Computer) Games People Play. S. Smith, Perps, Pimps, and Provocative Clothing: Examining Negative Content Patterns in Video Games. E. Chan, P. Vorderer, Massively Multiplayer Online Games. Part II: Motivation and Selection. G.C. Klug, J. Schell, Why People Play Games: An Industry Perspective. P. Ohler, G. Nieding, Why Play? An Evolutionary Perspective. T. Hartmann, C. Klimmt, The Influence of Personality Factors on Computer Game Choice. C. Klimmt, T. Hartmann, Effectance, Self-Efficacy, and the Motivation to Play Video Games. M. von Salisch, C. Oppl, A. Kristen, What Attracts Children? A.A. Raney, J.K. Smith, K. Baker, Adolescents and the Appeal of Video Games. J. Bryant, J. Davies, Selective Exposure to Video Games. Part III: Reception and Reaction Processes. D. Williams, A Brief Social History of Game Play. J.L. Sherry, K. Lucas, B.S. Greenberg, K. Lachlan, Video Game Uses and Gratifications as Predicators of Use and Game Preference. R. Tamborini, P. Skalski, The Role of Presence in the Experience of Electronic Games. S.M. Zehnder, S.D. Lipscomb, The Role of Music in Video Games. K.M. Lee, N. Park, S-A. Jin, Narrative and Interactivity in Computer Games. M.A. Shapiro, J. Pea-Herborn, J.T. Hancock, Realism, Imagination, and Narrative Video Games. A-S. Axelsson, T. Regan, Playing Online. F.F. Steen, P.M. Greenfield, M.S. Davies, B. Tynes, What Went Wrong With The Sims Online: Cultural Learning and Barriers to Identification in a Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game. Part IV: Effects and Consequences. K.M. Lee, W. Peng, What Do We Know About Social and Psychological Effects of Computer Games? A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature. R. Weber, U. Ritterfeld, A. Kostygina, Aggression and Violence as Effects of Playing Violent Video Games? K.E. Buckley, C.A. Anderson, A Theoretical Model of the Effects and Consequences of Playing Video Games. D.A. Lieberman, What Can We Learn From Playing Interactive Games? U. Ritterfeld, R. Weber, Video Games for Entertainment and Education. K. Durkin, Game Playing and Adolescents' Development.

Jennings Bryant

Papers

Media effects : advances in theory and research

Theory and Research in Mass Communication

Playing Video Games : Motives, Responses, and Consequences

Selective Exposure To Communication

Media effects: Advances in theory and research, 2nd ed.