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Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis

Techno-economic and environmental analysis of aviation biofuels.

Due to the depletion of crude reserves and the increasing demand for clean hydrocarbon fuels the production of renewable materials-based fuels has emerged to solve at least partially this problem in the past decade and it is expected to continue [1,2]. Green fuels can be classified as naphtha, jet fuel, and diesel. In the case of green diesel, its increasing demand could reach 900 million tons by 2020 [3].

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Hydroconversion of Triglycerides into Green Liquid Fuels

Refinery co-processing of renewable feeds

Catalytic cracking of vegetable oil with metal oxides for biofuel production

The production of gas oil blending components which a new application of the Pt/SAPO-11 is introduced, while the effect of oxygenic compounds on the isomerization of paraffin mixtures is highlighted. The experiments were carried out on 0.5% Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst at 300–380 °C, 30–80 bar, liquid hourly space velocity = 0.75–2.0 h−1 and H2/hydrocarbon ratio = 400 Nm3/m3, while 0.25–5.0% oleic acid was added to the feedstock. At the favourable operational parameters the isoparaffins concentration of the products (cetane number: 78–86, cold filter plugging point: between −19 and −10 °C) reached 65–72%, if the oleic acid content of the feedstock was lower than 0.5%. These isomer contents were significantly decreased by increasing the oleic acid content of the feedstock.

Investigation the Effect of Oxygenic Compounds on the Isomerization of Bioparaffins Over Pt/SAPO-11

Nowadays, energetic utilization of biomass, biotechnology attracts a big attention not only from the environmental point of view but also have a social, political and economical impact. According to the Directive 2003/30/EC of the European Parliament and the European Council the emission of greenhouse gases can be reduced by 49% using bioethanol produced by a manufacturing process based on corn, instead of crude oil based fuels. Moreover in Hungary from 1st of July 2007 only gasoline with at least 4.4% bioethanol content is commercialized. In this article, some concrete examples of successful developments and/or implementation of biomass projects in Hungary are given such as: production friendly raw synthetic material at “Nitrokémia” chemical plant, manufacture of bioethanol by “Hungrana” and “Győr Distillery” companies, bio-ethyl-tert-buthyl-ether production by MOL Pls. Danube Refinery, research on new generation of biofuels. The main advantages and disadvantages as well motivations for further research and development of Hungarian bio-industrial and bio-consumer sectors are discussed.

Biomass - a source of chemicals and energy for sustainable development.

A Pt/AlSBA-15 catalyst was investigated in the selective isomerisation of Fischer–Tropsch wax, which type of catalyst have not been studied in detail in this reaction system yet. Its hydroconversion activity was compared with that of the Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst. Based on the results it was concluded that the selective isomerization of the Fischer–Tropsch wax can be a new application of the Pt/AlSBA-15 catalyst.

Hydroisomerization of fischer-tropsch wax on Pt/AlSBA-15 and Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts

The aim of our experiments was to investigate the applicability of an expediently modified NiMoW/Al2O3 catalyst for the conversion of specially pretreated Hungarian sunflower oil with high oleic acid (>90%) content which was ennobled for our experiments to produce motor fuels. The changes of the specific hydrocracking activity of the applied catalyst, the pathways of hydrodeoxygenation reactions and the effect of the process parameters on the yield and on the quality of the products were also investigated. It was concluded that on the investigated modified NiMoW/Al2O3 catalyst products with high (>70%) paraffin content (T = 340-360 °C, p = 20-40 bar, LHSV = 1.0-1.5 h -1 , H2/sunflower oil volume ratio: 600 Nm 3 /m 3 ) could be produced. In case of every investigated process parameter the C17and C18paraffins were formed, i.e. on the applied catalyst both the HDO and the decarboxylation/decarbonylation (DECARB) reactions took place as a function of the process parameters. The gas oil boiling range target products had significantly higher isoparaffin-content than other transition metal/support catalysts derived products. Therefore the best quality product mixtures had large cetane number (71-76) and favorable CFPP value.

Catalytic Hydrotreating of Triglycerides for the Production of Bioparaffin Mixture

The application of biofuels has become more important in the whole world since the last decades. Intensive research has been started for the production of biofuels which can be applied in Diesel engines and has different chemical composition from the previously used ones. Among these fuels the most important one is biogasoil (normal and iso-paraffins) produced from triglycerides with catalytic hydrotreating (special hydrocracking). The aim of present study was to investigate the applicability of commercial NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for conversion of specially pretreated Hungarian sunflower oil to produce motor fuel components. The change in the hydrotreating activity of applied catalyst, the pathways of hydrodeoxigenation reactions and the effect of process parameters (T=300–360 °C, p=20–60 bar, LHSV=0.5–2.0 h-1, H2/sunflower oil volume ratio: 400 Nm3/m3) on the yield and composition of the products were also investigated. It was concluded that on the investigated NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst products with relatively high (>50%) paraffin content (T=360–380 °C, p=60 bar, LHSV=0.5–1.0 h-1) could be produced. The yield of the produced target fraction was 50.7–54.5% at these advantageous process parameters. So it is necessary to separate and recirculate the heavy fraction. In case of every investigated process parameter C18-, C17-, C16- and C15 normal paraffins were formed, i.e. both the HDO and the decarboxylation/ decarbonylation reactions took place. The cetane number of the target fractions, are very high (>80, EN standard: ≥51), but the cold flow properties of this fraction are disadvantageous. To improve this disadvantageous property it is necessary to carry out selective isomerization of the target fraction.

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Jeno Hancsók

Papers

Investigation the Effect of Oxygenic Compounds on the Isomerization of Bioparaffins Over Pt/SAPO-11

Biomass - a source of chemicals and energy for sustainable development.

Hydroisomerization of fischer-tropsch wax on Pt/AlSBA-15 and Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts

Catalytic Hydrotreating of Triglycerides for the Production of Bioparaffin Mixture

Fuel Purpose Hydrotreating of Vegetable Oil on NiMo/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst