Showing papers by "Jerome A. Yesavage published in 1986"

Hangover effects on aircraft pilots 14 hours after alcohol ingestion: a preliminary report.

Abstract: Using a repeated measures counterbalanced design, the authors had 10 Navy P3-C Orion pilots fly two carefully designed simulated flights under control (no hangover) and hangover conditions. For the control condition, pilots drank no alcohol within 48 hours before the simulated flight. For the hangover condition, they flew 14 hours after drinking enough ethanol mixed with diet soft drinks to attain a blood alcohol concentration of 100 mg/dl. Pilot performance was worse in the hangover condition on virtually all measures but significantly worse on three of six variance measures and one of six performance measures. The results indicate that caution should be exercised when piloting an aircraft 14 hours or less after ingesting similar quantities of alcohol.

Long‐term efficacy of cognitive training for age‐associated memory impairment: A six‐month follow‐up study

Abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the impact of pretraining on the long‐term effect of an imagery‐based mnemonic in persons with age‐associated memory impairment (AAMI). Eighty‐two participants were randomly assigned to one of six groups: (1) verbal judgment pretraining plus mnemonic training, (2) visual imagery elaboration pretraining plus mnemonic training, (3) relaxation pretraining plus mnemonic training, (4) nonspecific pretraining plus mnemonic training, (5) nonspecific training, and (6) wait list. Participants receiving the three specific pretraining techniques along with mnemonic training (Groups I to 3) recalled more than those receiving nonspecific pretraining with mnemonic training (Group 4) or nonspecific pretraining without mnemonics (Group 5). Participants receiving mnemonic training (Groups 1 to 4) did not differ from nonmnemonic controls (Group 5) at 6 months. The results suggest that specific pretraining strategies can help maintain beneficial effects of imagery‐based mnemon...

Priming effects and recognition memory in young and elderly adults.

Abstract: The present study explores the effects of age on the priming of alternate homophone spellings and recognition memory. Sixteen young and sixteen elderly adults were given a general information test, a spelling test, and a test of recognition memory. By embedding the less frequently spelled member of different homophone units (e.g., write vs. right) in the general information questions, certain of the homophones were primed during this task. The effect of this priming was assessed through the subjects' choice of spelling for these words on the spelling test. Recognition memory was assessed by asking subjects to indicate which words from a longer list were presented during the spelling test. As found in prior research priming effects were observed in younger subjects; however, no significant priming effects occurred in the older age group. On the recognition test, homophones were more often correctly recognized than nonhomophones, and priming affected the scores of the young negatively, but had no e...

Recidivism of the criminally insane in France: A 22-year follow-up.

Abstract: Characteristics of 1096 recidivistic mentally ill criminal offenders admitted to a specialized hospital in France are described All subjects were mentally ill and had been judged nonresponsible for an act of crime Crimes against persons (murder or assault) accounted for 42% of the crimes for which these patients were admitted The remaining causes of admission were crimes against property (theft) and "victimless" crimes Subject files indicated a wide difference in cause of admission for violent acts among the different diagnostic categories Although the frequency of readmission and violent acts at readmission did not change for the group as a whole, they did change between admissions for the different diagnostic groups Results indicate that differences exist between diagnostic categories of mentally ill offenders in terms of not only the type of crime committed but also the likelihood of recidivism Language: en

Psychotropic blood levels: a guide to clinical response.

Abstract: In the clinical use of psychotropic drugs, the value of blood level monitoring remains uncertain because, for most of these agents, consistent, predictable correlations between blood level and therapeutic response have not been established. In recent years productive work has been done in this area which suggests that, in certain clinical situations and with certain psychotropic agents, monitoring of blood levels may be a useful component of patient care. The literature regarding blood levels and therapeutic response to various psychotropic drugs is reviewed and some of the clinical settings in which blood levels are, in fact, predictive of therapeutic response in the management of psychiatric illness are discussed.