Showing papers by "Jerome A. Yesavage published in 1990"
TL;DR: Previously validated methods of memory training were used in conjunction with the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination to explore the relationship between complexity of learned mnemonic, aging, and subtle cognitive impairment.
Abstract: Previously validated methods of memory training were used in conjunction with the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to explore the relationship between complexity of learned mnemonic, aging, and subtle cognitive impairment. Subjects were 218 community-dwelling elderly. Treatment included imagery mnemonics for remembering names and faces and lists. There was a significant interaction among age, type of learning task (face-name vs. list), and improvement when controlling for MMSE score. There was also a significant interaction among MMSE score, type of learning task, and improvement when controlling for age. Scores on the more complex list-learning mnemonic were more affected by age and MMSE scores than were scores on the face-name mnemonic. Implications of the findings for cognitive training of the old old and the impaired are discussed.
99 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is found that alcohol and pilot age impair radio communication during simulated flight, and alcohol and age cumulatively impaired performance, since older pilots were more impaired by alcohol.
Abstract: This study finds that alcohol and pilot age impair radio communication during simulated flight. Young (mean age 25 years) and older (mean age 42 years) pilots flew in a light aircraft simulator during alcohol and placebo conditions. In the alcohol condition, pilots drank alcohol and flew after reaching 0.04% BAC, after reaching 0.10% BAC, and then 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after they stopped drinking at 0.10% BAC. They flew at the same times in the placebo condition. Alcohol and age impaired communication-based and overall flying performance during and immediately after drinking. Most important, alcohol and age cumulatively impaired performance, since older pilots were more impaired by alcohol. Notably, performance was as impaired 2 h after reaching 0.10% BAC as it was at 0.10% BAC. Moreover, overall performance was impaired for 8 h after reaching 0.10% BAC. Language: en
60 citations
TL;DR: The relations among the rates of change of the MMSE items were described by a five-factor solution that accounted for 75% of the variance and comprised factors pertaining to orientation and concentration, obeying commands, learning and repetition, language and recall.
Abstract: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a commonly used instrument for assessing mental impairment. Previous proposals for its underlying structure have focused on scores obtained from a single administration of the test. Because the MMSE is widely used in longitudinal studies, we examined the pattern of relations among the rates of chance of the items. Data were obtained from 63 subjects for 1.5 years or more. The relations among the rates of change of the MMSE items were described by a five-factor solution that accounted for 75% of the variance and comprised factors pertaining to orientation and concentration, obeying commands, learning and repetition, language, and recall. This was in contrast to the structure of the scores obtained from a single administration of the MMSE, which was best described by a two-factor solution. In order to provide a clinical validation, factor scores derived from the MMSE factors were used to predict scores on the Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist and the Brief Cognitive Rating Scale.
47 citations
TL;DR: Heterogeneity of structural and functional integrity exists among patients with AD, and tissue loss, as measured by the % CSF in each ROI, was highly correlated with age, although eachROI showed different rates of change over age.
Abstract: Patients with presumptive Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy community volunteers received computed tomographic (CT) brain scans and cognitive tests. The CT scans were quantitatively analyzed with a semiautomated thresholding technique to derive volumetric measures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-tissue ratios in six regions of interest (ROIs): lateral ventricles; vertex sulci, frontal sulci, Sylvian fissures, parieto-occipital sulci, and third ventricle. Regression analysis was performed on CT data from 85 older volunteers (ages 51-82) to generate age norms for each ROI. Within this group, tissue loss, as measured by the % CSF in each ROI, was highly correlated with age, although each ROI showed different rates of change over age. For all ROIs, the AD group had significantly more tissue loss than expected in normal aging. In addition, AD patients with a presenescent onset (before age 65) tended to have greater vertex sulcal and frontal sulcal tissue reduction than AD patients with a senescent onset (age 65 or after). When regional tissue reduction, corrected for age, was correlated with cognitive test scores, two sets of double dissociations emerged within the AD group: large CT z scores (i.e., decreased tissue and increased CSF) of frontal sulci, but not of the third ventricle, correlated with low Comprehension and Boston Naming Test scores, whereas large CT z scores of the third ventricle, but not of the frontal sulci, correlated with low scores on Digit Symbol and Picture Arrangement. These results suggest that heterogeneity of structural and functional integrity exists among patients with AD.
43 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the relationship of personality trait differences to the ability of older adults to benefit from an intervention to improve face-name recall, using three previously validated methods of intervention in conjunction with the NEO personality questionnaire.
Abstract: To explore the relationship of personality trait differences to the ability of older adults to benefit from an intervention to improve face-name recall, 3 previously validated methods of intervention were used in conjunction with the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985b). Subjects were 156 community-dwelling elderly. The three treatment conditions all included a standard imagery mnemonic for remembering names and faces but differed in the method of nonmnemonic training (imagery, relaxation, and imagery + judgement) administered before teaching the mnemonic device.
19 citations
TL;DR: Clinical workers' predictive accuracy was found to be greater when they rated patients who elicite high consensus than for unselected patients or for those who elicited low consensus.
Abstract: This research studied individual differences among psychiatric patients in the extent to which clinical workers agree about the likelihood that the patients will act violently. Predictions of imminent violence proneness for 40 male inpatients made by 35 experienced clinical practitioners were analyzed. As hypothesized, subgroups of patients who elicited high interjudge agreement were found, and admission profiles of these patients were presented. Clinical workers' predictive accuracy was found to be greater when they rated patients who elicited high consensus than for unselected patients or for those who elicited low consensus. Language: en
16 citations