Jess L. Kaplan

TL;DR: In the initial feasibility study, FMT using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors is effective in treating relapsing CDI and NGT administration appears to be as effective as colonoscopy administration.

TL;DR: Reduced levels of miR-124 in colon tissues of children with active UC appear to increase expression and activity of STAT3, which could promote inflammation and the pathogenesis of UC in children.

TL;DR: The role of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract has undergone significant modification in the past few decades with new observations from clinical, epidemiologic, and basic science research as mentioned in this paper, and it is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiome plays an important role in a host's activities including digestion, protection from potentially pathogenic organisms, and the regulation and development of the host immune system.

TL;DR: The effectiveness and safety of oral administration of frozen encapsulated fecal material, prepared from unrelated donors, in treating recurrent CDI are confirmed, and Randomized studies and FMT registries are still needed to ascertain long-term safety.

TL;DR: Recent observations from a variety of fields help support the expansion of the “fetal programming hypothesis” to a host-microbe corollary that microbe-host interactions at critical windows influence the future immune phenotype, the maintenance of immune health, and the development of immune-mediated disease.