In the Indian system of traditional medicine (Ayurveda) it is recommended to consume Ipomoea aquatica to mitigate disorders like jaundice. In this study, the protective effects of ethanol extract of I. aquatica against liver damage were evaluated in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced chronic hepatotoxicity in rats. There was no sign of toxicity in the acute toxicity study, in which Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were orally fed with I. aquatica (250 and 500 mg/kg) for two months along with administration of TAA (i.p injection 200 mg/kg three times a week for two months). The results showed that the treatment of I. aquatica significantly lowered the TAA-induced serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (ALP, ALT, AST, protein, albumin, bilirubin and prothrombin time). The hepatic content of activities and expressions SOD and CAT that were reduced by TAA were brought back to control levels by the plant extract supplement. Meanwhile, the rise in MDA level in the TAA receiving groups also were significantly reduced by I. aquatica treatment. Histopathology of hepatic tissues by H&E and Masson trichrome stains displayed that I. aquatica has reduced the incidence of liver lesions, including hepatic cells cloudy swelling, infiltration, hepatic necrosis, and fibrous connective tissue proliferation induced by TAA in rats. Therefore, the results of this study show that the protective effect of I. aquatica in TAA-induced liver damage might be contributed to its modulation on detoxification enzymes and its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects. Moreover, it confirms a scientific basis for the traditional use of I. aquatica for the treatment of liver disorders.

http://eprints.um.edu.my/10598/1/Ipomoea_aquatica_extract_Shows_protective_action_against.pdf

Ipomoea aquatica Extract Shows Protective Action Against Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity

This study evaluated the effects of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues (FGBLR) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets. Pigs were allotted to five dietary treatments, including negative control (NC: antibiotic free basal diet), positive control (PC) (NC + 30 mg apramycin/kg) and FGBLR-50, 100, 150 (NC + 50, 100, 150 g FGBLR/kg). Pigs in FGBLR-100 and PC treatments showed increased final body weight, average daily gain, gain:feed and apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, N and gross energy (P < 0.05) compared with NC, FGBLR-50 and FGBLR-150 treatments, In addition, pigs fed with FGBLR-100 diet showed higher serum total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, hemoglobin, total iron, total iron binding capacity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione superoxide dismutase levels, and lower serum blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels than those fed with PC and NC diets (P < 0.05). Moreover, feeding FGBLR-100 could increase levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA and IgM, as well as lymphocyte transformation rates, ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells and proportions of CD2+, CD4+, B, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I and MHC-II cells, and can decrease proportion of CD8+ cells in blood of piglets compared with PC and NC groups (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 10% of FGBLR showed greatest beneficial effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets, which were superior to antibiotic supplemental diets.

Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented Ginkgo biloba L. residues on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical parameters and immune function in weaned piglets

One of the most prevalent and lethal forms of gynecological cancer is ovarian cancer (OC), which is often diagnosed in its latter, deadly stages. The OC's high mortality and heterogeneity impede early identification and primary prevention. Thus, numerous studies have looked for biomarkers in OC tissue and blood samples to help early diagnosis and decrease the mortality rate using microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs are short, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are typically approximately 22 nucleotides in length and act as oncogenic or tumor suppressors via degrading or impeding target mRNA translation. By regulating cellular activities and signaling pathways, miRNAs promote carcinogenesis and the invasiveness of OC cells. In this review, we explore the function of miRNAs in the pathophysiology of OC, their use as biomarkers, future implications, and the direction of future research. The review also underlines the involvement of miRNAs in the most significant pathways affecting the pathogenesis of OC and their relevance to treatment resistance. 

The role of miRNAs in ovarian cancer pathogenesis and therapeutic resistance - A focus on signaling pathways interplay.

Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases worldwide, posing a serious, long-term threat to patients’ health and life. Systemic chemotherapy remains the first-line therapeutic approach for recurrent or metastatic cancer patients after surgery, with the potential to effectively extend patient survival. However, the development of drug resistance seriously limits the clinical efficiency of chemotherapy and ultimately results in treatment failure and patient death. A large number of studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are widely involved in the regulation of cancer drug resistance. Their dysregulation contributes to the development of cancer drug resistance by modulating the expression of specific target genes involved in cellular apoptosis, autophagy, drug efflux, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Moreover, some ncRNAs also possess great potential as efficient, specific biomarkers in diagnosis and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets in cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the recent findings on the emerging role and underlying mechanisms of ncRNAs involved in cancer drug resistance and focus on their clinical applications as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. This information will be of great benefit to early diagnosis and prognostic assessments of cancer as well as the development of ncRNA-based therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.951864/pdf

Non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance: Underlying mechanisms and clinical applications

Effect of Fermented Ginkgo biloba and Camelia sinensis-Based Probiotics on Growth Performance, Immunity and Caecal Microbiology in Broilers

H19/miR-107/HMGB1 axis sensitizes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin by suppressing autophagy in vitro and in vivo.

Oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of otitis media (OM). In this study, we investigated the effect of Ginkgo leaf parenteral solution on blood and cochlea antioxidant and immunity indexs in OM rats. In OM model rats, blood and cochlea malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were significantly increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR)) were significantly decreased compared with normal rats. Treatment with Ginkgo leaf parenteral solution restored the altered parameters in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that Ginkgo leaf parenteral solution confers protection against oxidative injuries in OM rats by increasing activities of antioxidants and immunity, suggesting a potential drug for the prevention and therapy of OM.

Effect of Ginkgo leaf parenteral solution on blood and cochlea antioxidant and immunity indexes in OM rats.

The underlying mechanism involved in auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) remains largely unclear. It has been previously reported that mutations in the apoptosis‑inducing factor (AIF) gene are associated with auditory neuropathy and delayed peripheral neuropathy, which can eventually cause ANSD. In the present study, the regulatory effects of AIF knockdown on the cellular functions of spiral ganglion neurons (SNGs) and the molecular mechanism(s) of AIF knockdown in inducing cell apoptosis in SGNs were further investigated. The results showed that the AIF knockdown via siRNA transfection resulted in high levels of oxidative stress, and impaired mitochondrial respiration activity and membrane potential in SGNs. Western blotting further proved that the knockdown of AIF can decrease the content of anti‑apoptotic and anti‑oxidative proteins, as well as mitochondrial respiratory chain Complex I proteins. The present experimental data suggested that the abnormal expression of AIF may affect SGNs cellular function, and may contribute to the progress of ANSD.

/pdf/aif-knockdown-induce-apoptosis-and-mitochondrial-dysfunction-38sv64rzih.pdf

AIF knockdown induce apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cochlear spiral ganglion neurons in vitro.

Conclusions: It is impossible to make a diagnosis of temporal giant cell granuloma (GCG) before operation because of nonspecific clinical and imaging feature. Surgery is the first-line choice of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of temporal GCG. Methods: Eight patients with GCG receiving treatment in the Chinese PLA General Hospital between 2001 and 2010 were recruited for the study. These patients' clinical features, imaging and histopathological findings, types of surgery, and results of follow-up evaluations were noted. Results: The group was made up of four males and four females, with a median age of 37 years (range 21–50 years). Four patients had a granuloma on the left side and four on the right of the head. The median duration of the disease was 21 months (range 5–60 months). All patients, except one referred to us for recurring disease, were managed in our hospital. The main symptoms were: hearing loss (n = 5), tinnitus (n = 4), otalgia (n = 3), dizziness (n =...

Diagnosis and treatment of giant cell granuloma of the temporal bone: Report of eight cases

Background: Until now, little is known about the role of miRNAs in the invasion and metastasis of Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).Objectives: This study aimed to explore the relationship b...

Jiandong Zhao

Papers

H19/miR-107/HMGB1 axis sensitizes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin by suppressing autophagy in vitro and in vivo.

Effect of Ginkgo leaf parenteral solution on blood and cochlea antioxidant and immunity indexes in OM rats.

AIF knockdown induce apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in cochlear spiral ganglion neurons in vitro.

Diagnosis and treatment of giant cell granuloma of the temporal bone: Report of eight cases

Evaluation of microRNA expression profiling in highly metastatic laryngocarcinoma cells.