Abstract This study addresses the critical research issue of how supplier delivery performance can be enhanced by integrating information sharing into volume and delivery flexibility. This study developed a research model to relate information sharing on demand forecasts and inventory data between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and first-tier suppliers. Based on a sample of 52 suppliers from automotive industry in Sweden, partial least squares structural equations modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the model. The results confirm that sharing demand forecasts is a key enabler of supplier volume and delivery flexibility while sharing inventory data is not. The study contributes to enlarging the knowledge about supply chain management from the suppliers’ perspective. It also contributes to knowledge by validating the conceptual model and operationalisation of constructs. The study also has practical contribution in which management should focus on improving communication and collaboration practices with OEMs for effective sharing of demand forecasts.

How does information sharing affect first-tier suppliers’ flexibility?

Abstract Supply chains in today's globalization are very vulnerable to risks such as natural disasters, terrorism, cyber attacks and credit crunch etc that could easily disrupt the flow of raw materials, finished products and information. Furthermore, these disruptions could yield to a drastic loss in productivity, competitive advantage and profitability that would most probably lead to bankruptcy if not managed appropriately. In fact, supply chain vulnerability is now a major concern in many organizations as some research programs have started to illustrate that modern supply chains are at greater risks than their supply chain managers could even recognise. The aim of this article is to analyse these risks and discuss how they could be prevented and/or managed. In addition, by implementing ICT in collaboration with certain strategies, a resilient supply chain could be developed. Moreover, in case any of these risks occur, the possibility for an organization to be able to bounce back and start operations in the shortest possible time is also considered.

Using ICT in Developing a Resilient Supply Chain Strategy

This paper establishes the decentralized decision-making model of consumer goods, the active collaboration model of consumer goods suppliers, and the decentralized decision-making model of customized consumer goods. Through formula derivation and simulation, the benefit and influence differences of the three modes are compared. This paper studies the influence of supplier’s active collaboration on the supply and demand instability of consumer goods and discusses the ideal value of supply chain inventory control. In China’s modern circular economy, the inventory control of the consumer goods supply chain is unscientific and nonstandard. We discuss a new inventory control method and study the ideal value of supply chain inventory control. It helps reduce the inventory shortage loss caused by the uncertainty of daily consumer goods, improve the efficiency of the supply chain, enhance the liquidity of supply chain inventory to achieve the purpose of increasing economic value. It has reference value for the inventory control of consumer goods in other countries and regions. The results show that under certain conditions, the horizontal collaboration between suppliers can improve the completeness of consumer goods. The collaboration between suppliers can reduce the hidden dangers caused by the uncertainty of supply and demand and significantly reduce the total inventory cost of manufacturers and improve profits.

Research on Supplier Collaboration of Daily Consumer Goods under Uncertainty of Supply and Demand

In public-private partnership (PPP) projects, the government plays a role as both regulator and participant. Trust between the government and the private sector is important as it may affect project performance and even cause the problem of a breach of contract, which may lead to project failure. Little is known, however, about the formation and evolution mechanisms of trust in this context. This study analyses the complex evolution of trust in PPP project networks. An evolutionary game of trust model between government and the private sector is established and analysed, the strategic equilibrium points are obtained by solving the replication dynamic equation, and the Jacobian matrix and differential equation stability theory are introduced to analyse the stability of the equilibrium points. The results reveal the relationships among the stable state of trust, the initial state of trust, and the payment matrix, indicating that the payment matrix can effectively shape the evolution process and stable state of trust to influence performance. This study provides a novel contribution in solving the complex trust problem in PPP project networks and it provides a new analytical tool for PPP project management practice.

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The Evolutionary Game of Trust in Public-Private Partnership Project Networks

Digital transformation contributes to enterprise supply chain resilience, but how to control the risks involved and whether this control contributes to supply chain resilience remains to be explored. This paper aims to clarify the relationship between risk control and resilience in the process of digital transformation and to construct a digital transformation supply chain risk (DTSCR) control process system. In this paper, we first use the SLRs method to retrieve 469 papers to construct a dimensional system of DTSCR from the theoretical perspective; we then test whether DTSCR control helps supply chain resilience through a structural equation model; finally, based on the case study of the institute of building materials of China Academy of Building Research, we use a Bayesian believe network to construct a risk control system. Our research contributes to existing literature by improving supply chain resilience from a risk perspective, and the risk control system innovatively constructed in this paper is also of significance for enterprises to carry out DTSCR control in practice.

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Control Supply Chain Risks in Digital Transformation: A New Way to Improve Supply Chain Resilience

This paper proposes an optimization model of supply chain resilience strategy for large passenger aircraft. A quality function deployment (QFD) framework is conducted to analyze the resilience of the large passenger aircraft supply chain, and the key parameters are characterized based on the probabilistic linguistic term. Then based on the output of the QFD framework an optimization model of the resilience strategy considering the stochastic disturbance faced by the supply chain is constructed. Taking the supply chain for large aircraft cockpit control display module as an example to illustrate the application steps and feasibility of the model, the results demonstrate that change of supply chain management responsibilities, implementing hierarchical management of suppliers, seeking coordinated implementation of inventory management mode, and improving the pre-risk identification system, play prominent roles in enhancing supply chain resilience, and the combination of different strategies can indeed enhance the supply chain resilience under the budget constraint.

Resilience Strategy Optimization for Large Aircraft Supply Chain Based on Probabilistic Language QFD

This paper analyses the strategies of the substitutable suppliers competing to collaborate with a main manufacturer in “main manufacturer–supplier” (M-S) mode. In the research and development (R&D) of complex products, only one supplier can be chosen for one kind of part as a long-term collaboration partner with the manufacturer. The competition between substitutable suppliers focuses on the technology docking and price-concluding strategies. In this paper, one original supplier as the first-mover and one new supplier as the second-mover chose between the two strategies sequentially to compete for the collaborative preference of the manufacturer. We also took the delay cost brought by strategy changing into the consideration of the risks, which the suppliers and the manufacturer should prepare to share. With evolutionary game theory applied, we can conclude that the initial costs have little impact on suppliers’ making decisions, while the initial prices are correlated with both suppliers’ decision making. Results also show that hesitation and fluctuation periods exist in suppliers’ decision making, which have a relationship with existing strategy conditions, initial prices, and the cost caused by modifying the part. These results provide practical and reasonable managerial implications for M-S collaboration.

Evolutionary Game Analysis on Strategies in “Main Manufacturer–Supplier” Mode Considering Technology Docking and Price Concluding under Competition Condition

This paper analyzed the effects of the problem size and the problem proposing mechanism on the decision-making processes, for the manufacturer and the supplier, regarding processing a problem in a new main manufacturer–supplier collaborative system using evolutionary game theory. Unpredicted problems may arise in the process of collaborative research and development (R&D) of complex products, like big passenger aircrafts, without any relative advanced contract, and either player will take risks to announce it. In addition to the factors of traditional cost and income, we take another two factors (i.e., the problem size and the problem proposing mechanism) into account in the examination of the problem processing mechanism. With evolutionary game theory applied, we can obtain the stable decision-making states of both players and how these two factors affect the problem processing mechanism. From the result, we find that the problem size has little effect on the two players’ decisions, while the problem processing mechanism has an impact when the experiences or the capacities of the manufacturer and the supplier are unbalanced. This paper contributes to manufacturer and supplier in a newly-established collaborative system to consider how to behave when unpredicted problems come.

https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/7/7/588/pdf

Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Effects of Problem Size and the Problem Proposing Mechanism on the Problem Processing Mechanism in a New Main Manufacturer–Supplier Collaborative System

Supply chain risk management is an important topic in supply chain management. The authors investigate the rules and characteristics of risk propagation in complex supply networks. Aiming at the characteristics of complex supply chain with complex structure and large risk consequences, considering the different impact capabilities and different anti-risk capabilities of each enterprise node, this paper proposes a SITR (susceptible-infected-temporarily removed-completely removed) risk propagation model based on weighted networks. After the dynamic analysis of the proposed model, numerical simulation is performed, and a supply chain risk control strategy is proposed according to the simulation results. The research shows that the enterprise's complete recovery rate and risk infection rate have a greater impact on the risk propagation in the supply chain network. Enterprises should increase their awareness of risk management and control, improve their complete recovery rate, and reduce their risk of infection.

Risk Propagation Mechanism Research Based on SITR Model of Complex Supply Networks

This paper analyzes effort levels of supervisors, the manufacturers association and the administrative supervision department, and manufacturer in a supply chain management regarding credit system (CS) construction based on two different driving modes using game theory. A whole CS construction, in a supply chain management system, can be generally divided into two driving modes, industry regulation (IR), and administrative supervision (AS). The authors firstly establish payoff functions based on traditional income function and marginal effort-cost function. And then they analyze strategic equilibriums of the supervisors and the manufacturers based on their decision roles in the two modes. After that, they make comparisons on equilibrium states between IR and AS. From the results, they find that strategic equilibriums in AS construction is not necessarily better than those in IR construction. These results can also provide strategic help for CS construction in supply chain management when considering better combination between IR and AS.

Jianjun Zhu

Papers

Resilience Strategy Optimization for Large Aircraft Supply Chain Based on Probabilistic Language QFD

Evolutionary Game Analysis on Strategies in “Main Manufacturer–Supplier” Mode Considering Technology Docking and Price Concluding under Competition Condition

Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Effects of Problem Size and the Problem Proposing Mechanism on the Problem Processing Mechanism in a New Main Manufacturer–Supplier Collaborative System

Risk Propagation Mechanism Research Based on SITR Model of Complex Supply Networks

Game Analysis of the Driving Modes in the Supply Chain Management Regarding Credit System Construction