The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed. Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from biosensors to biomedical implants and devices, and from food packaging to industrial and marine equipment. The two major approaches to combat surface fouling are based on either preventing biofoulants from attaching or degrading them. One of the key strategies for imparting adhesion resistance involves the functionalization of surfaces with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol). Several alternatives to PEG-based coatings have also been designed over the past decade. While protein-resistant coatings may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, in order to overcome the fouling-mediated risk of bacterial infection it is highly desirable to design coatings that are bactericidal. Traditional techniques involve the design of coatings that release biocidal agents, including antibiotics, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), and silver, into the surrounding aqueous environment. However, the emergence of antibiotic- and silver-resistant pathogenic strains has necessitated the development of alternative strategies. Therefore, other techniques based on the use of polycations, enzymes, nanomaterials, and photoactive agents are being investigated. With regard to marine antifouling coatings, restrictions on the use of biocide-releasing coatings have made the generation of nontoxic antifouling surfaces more important. While considerable progress has been made in the design of antifouling coatings, ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adma.201001215

Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms.

Surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles for development of organic–inorganic nanocomposites—A review

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are carbon-based chemical substances that are resistant to environmental degradation and may not be completely removed through treatment processes. Their persistence can contribute to adverse health impacts on wild-life and human beings. Thus, the solar photocatalysis process has received increasing attention due to its great potential as a green and eco-friendly process for the elimination of POPs to increase the security of clean water. In this context, ZnO nanostructures have been shown to be prominent photocatalyst candidates to be used in photodegradation owing to the facts that they are low-cost, non-toxic and more efficient in the absorption across a large fraction of the solar spectrum compared to TiO 2 . There are several aspects, however, need to be taken into consideration for further development. The purpose of this paper is to review the photo-degradation mechanisms of POPs and the recent progress in ZnO nanostructured fabrication methods including doping, heterojunction and modification techniques as well as improvements of ZnO as a photocatalyst. The second objective of this review is to evaluate the immobilization of photocatalyst and suspension systems while looking into their future challenges and prospects.

A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: Synthesis, mechanisms and applications

Discrete particle simulation of particulate systems: A review of major applications and findings

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is an inorganic compound widely used in everyday applications. ZnO is currently listed as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) material by the Food and Drug Administration and is used as food additive. The advent of nanotechnology has led the development of materials with new properties for use as antimicrobial agents. Thus, ZnO in nanoscale has shown antimicrobial properties and potential applications in food preservation. ZnO nanoparticles have been incorporated in polymeric matrices in order to provide antimicrobial activity to the packaging material and improve packaging properties. This review presents the main synthesis methods of ZnO nanoparticles, principal characteristics and mechanisms of antimicrobial action as well as the effect of their incorporation in polymeric matrices. Safety issues such as exposure routes and migration studies are also discussed.

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Food Packaging Applications

Detailed knowledge of solids circulation, bubble motion, and frequencies of porosity oscillations is needed for a better understanding of tube erosion in fluidized bed combustors. A predictive two-phase flow model was derived starting with the Boltzman equation for velocity distribution of particles. The model is a generalization of the Navier-Stokes equations of the type proposed by R. Jackson, except that the solids viscosities and stresses are computed by simultaneously solving a fluctuating energy equation for the particulate phase. The model predictions agree with time-averaged and instantaneous porosities measured in two-dimensional fluidized beds. Observed flow patterns and bubbles were also predicted.

A bubbling fluidization model using kinetic theory of granular flow

Synthesis, surface modification and photocatalytic property of ZnO nanoparticles

http://sourcedb.ipe.cas.cn/zw/lwlb/200908/P020090831535886843136.pdf?origin=publication_detail

Jianmin Ding

Papers

A bubbling fluidization model using kinetic theory of granular flow

Synthesis, surface modification and photocatalytic property of ZnO nanoparticles

Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the mechanical and antibacterial properties of polyurethane coatings

Computer simulations of gas–solid flow in spouted beds using kinetic–frictional stress model of granular flow

Investigation of mixing/segregation of mixture particles in gas-solid fluidized beds