다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

비만아 부모의 돌봄 경험: q 방법론

Overview of current development in electrical energy storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation

Hydrogen energy, economy and storage: Review and recommendation

Blockchains or distributed ledgers are an emerging technology that has drawn considerable interest from energy supply firms, startups, technology developers, financial institutions, national governments and the academic community. Numerous sources coming from these backgrounds identify blockchains as having the potential to bring significant benefits and innovation. Blockchains promise transparent, tamper-proof and secure systems that can enable novel business solutions, especially when combined with smart contracts. This work provides a comprehensive overview of fundamental principles that underpin blockchain technologies, such as system architectures and distributed consensus algorithms. Next, we focus on blockchain solutions for the energy industry and inform the state-of-the-art by thoroughly reviewing the literature and current business cases. To our knowledge, this is one of the first academic, peer-reviewed works to provide a systematic review of blockchain activities and initiatives in the energy sector. Our study reviews 140 blockchain research projects and startups from which we construct a map of the potential and relevance of blockchains for energy applications. These initiatives were systematically classified into different groups according to the field of activity, implementation platform and consensus strategy used. 1 Opportunities, potential challenges and limitations for a number of use cases are discussed, ranging from emerging peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, to decentralised marketplaces, electric vehicle charging and e-mobility. For each of these use cases, our contribution is twofold: first, in identifying the technical challenges that blockchain technology can solve for that application as well as its potential drawbacks, and second in briefly presenting the research and industrial projects and startups that are currently applying blockchain technology to that area. The paper ends with a discussion of challenges and market barriers the technology needs to overcome to get past the hype phase, prove its commercial viability and finally be adopted in the mainstream.

/pdf/blockchain-technology-in-the-energy-sector-a-systematic-24t1ywmkp0.pdf

Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities

In order to remain competitive, automotive companies use advanced simulation methods to assist in product development. Hardware in the loop (HIL) simulation is one such technique. To use HIL in the development of automotive electronic control units (ECU), accurate simulation models of the ECU's sensors and actuators are needed. In this work, a full dynamic mathematical model of an automotive windshield wiper system is developed and validated. In the modelling phase, the wiper motor is analysed and a unique mathematical model is developed to capture the devices two speed operation. A multi-body dynamic model of the linkages is implemented using the MathWorks' SimMechanics software. The model is validated experimentally and its parameters are identified using genetic algorithms. The model is then simplified to allow it to be simulated in real time, making it suitable for HIL simulation. The HIL compatible model is used in the development of Automotive ECUs.

Dynamic modelling and experimental validation of an automotive windshield wiper system for hardware in the loop simulation

The trend in the automotive industry is towards electric vehicles (EV), however, the industry will depend on gasoline engines for many years to come. There is also increased demand for the reduction of greenhouse gases. This work develops an adaptive model-based optimal control algorithm based on Sub-Structured Neural Network (SSANN), Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (GA), Multi-Objective Dragonfly Algorithm (MODA) and a fuzzy based inference system. The SSANN based on an individual engine speed are combined into a SSANN, whose output is connected to a fuzzy based inference system which extrapolates between trained engine speeds. The SSANN outputs are then used to evaluate the objective function of the optimisation process, which is performed using GA and MODA. The SSANN is retrained if the error is out of defined limit, which allows the system to adapt with engine ageing. The purpose of this work is to contribute to online engine calibration and control to improve engine performance and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Adaptive engine optimisation using NSGA-II and MODA based on a sub-structured artificial neural network

The Combined-Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power plants are increasingly required to provide the service for balancing the load demand and power supply with the increase of the intermittent power generation from renewable energy sources. To ensure CCGT power plants to operate flexibly and efficiently, it is necessary to find the suitable strategy. This paper presents the feasibility of a CCGT power plant combined with the Thermal Energy Storage (TES) to improve the plant operation flexibility. The dynamic simulation models of a 420MW CCGT power plant and TES system are presented in this paper. The TES charging and discharging strategies are investigated. The simulation results show that TES charging or discharging processes provide the additional mechanisms for regulating the output power of the CCGT power plant.

/pdf/dynamic-modelling-and-simulation-of-a-combined-cycle-power-54uvjzixsf.pdf

Dynamic modelling and simulation of a combined-cycle power plant integration with thermal energy storage

In order to compete effectively in the automotive industry, vehicle manufacturers employ advanced simulation techniques to assist in their product development. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation is a technique widely used by vehicle manufacturers in the development and testing of their Electronic Control Units (ECU), which can number up to 100 in modern vehicles. To carry out HIL testing on the ECUs, accurate simulation models of the sensors and actuators connected to the ECUs are required. The models must also be capable of simulating in real-time to be suitable for HIL testing. This paper presents the development of a Jaguar Land Rover windshield wiper system for use in HIL testing. An off-line physical model is first developed and validated. The model is capable of being parametized to capture design updates quickly without the need for waiting for new prototypes, speeding up the testing cycle. The physical model is then simplified to produce a real time capable model of the wiper system. The simplified model has a significantly faster simulation speed than the off-line physical model. It is capable of being simulated in real time but is less accurate than the physical model. Genetic algorithms have been used to identify the parameters of the model. The on-line model is then implemented in a HIL facility to be used for ECU testing by Jaguar Land Rover.

Development of a simulation model of a windshield wiper system for Hardware in the Loop simulation

Pneumatic actuators have been widely used in industry for over a hundred years. However, it is well-known that pneumatic actuators have very poor energy efficiency. Also, it is difficult to achieve accurate positioning due to the inherent nonlinearity caused by air compressibility. This paper presents recent work in developing an energy-efficient tracking control strategy for pneumatic cylinders. The pneumatic system is initially transformed into a linear system description using the nonlinear input/output feedback linearization method. Then energy efficient velocity profile is derived based on optimal control theory. A servo/tracking controller is then designed to drive the system to follow the derived new energy efficiency velocity profile. The simulation study indicates that energy consumption can be reduced by 3–5%.

http://www.nt.ntnu.no/users/skoge/prost/proceedings/cdc-ecc-2011/data/papers/0924.pdf

Jihong Wang

Papers

Dynamic modelling and experimental validation of an automotive windshield wiper system for hardware in the loop simulation

Adaptive engine optimisation using NSGA-II and MODA based on a sub-structured artificial neural network

Dynamic modelling and simulation of a combined-cycle power plant integration with thermal energy storage

Development of a simulation model of a windshield wiper system for Hardware in the Loop simulation

Energy-efficient tracking control of pneumatic cylinders