This paper reviews the state of the art of field- programmable gate array (FPGA) design methodologies with a focus on industrial control system applications. This paper starts with an overview of FPGA technology development, followed by a presentation of design methodologies, development tools and relevant CAD environments, including the use of portable hardware description languages and system level programming/design tools. They enable a holistic functional approach with the major advantage of setting up a unique modeling and evaluation environment for complete industrial electronics systems. Three main design rules are then presented. These are algorithm refinement, modularity, and systematic search for the best compromise between the control performance and the architectural constraints. An overview of contributions and limits of FPGAs is also given, followed by a short survey of FPGA-based intelligent controllers for modern industrial systems. Finally, two complete and timely case studies are presented to illustrate the benefits of an FPGA implementation when using the proposed system modeling and design methodology. These consist of the direct torque control for induction motor drives and the control of a diesel-driven synchronous stand-alone generator with the help of fuzzy logic.

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FPGA Design Methodology for Industrial Control Systems—A Review

A data interface for transferring digital data between a host and a client over a communication path using packet structures linked together to form a communication protocol for communicating a pre-selected set of digital control and presentation data. The signal protocol is used by link controllers configured to generate, transmit, and receive packets forming the communications protocol, and to form digital data into one or more types of data packets, with at least one residing in the host device and being coupled to the client through the communications path. The interface provides a cost-effective, low power, bi-directional, high-speed data transfer mechanism over a short-range “serial” type data link, which lends itself to implementation with miniature connectors and thin flexible cables which are especially useful in connecting display elements such as wearable micro-displays to portable computers and wireless communication devices.

High data rate interface apparatus and method

Pilot signal transmission sequences and methods are described for use in a multi-sector cell. Pilots in different sectors are transmitted at different known power levels. In adjacent sectors a pilot is transmitted while no pilot is transmitted in the adjoining sector. This represents transmission of a NULL pilot signal. A cell NULL is also supported in which NULL pilots are transmitted in each sector of a cell at the same time. Multiple pilot signal measurements are made. At least two channel quality indicator values are generated from measurements corresponding to at least two pilot signals of different power levels. The two values are transmitted back to the base station which uses both values to determine the transmit power required to achieve a desired SNR at the wireless terminal. The wireless terminal also reports information indicating its location to a sector boundary.

Pilot signals for use in multi-sector cells

In a wireless mobile communications system, a method of transmitting and receiving radio access information that allows a faster and an efficient way of establishing a radio connection between a terminal and a target base station while performing a handover for the terminal to a cell of the target base station. The network transmits in advance, the radio access information and the like, to the terminal so that the terminal can be connected with the target cell in a faster manner which minimizes the total time for the handover process.

Method of transmitting and receiving radio access information in a wireless mobile communications system

Schemes to time-align transmissions from multiple base stations to a terminal. To achieve time-alignment, differences between the arrival times of transmissions from the base stations, as observed at the terminal, are determined and provided to the system and used to adjust the timing at the base stations such that terminal-specific radio frames arrive at the terminal within a particular time window. In one scheme, a time difference between two base stations is partitioned into a frame-level time difference and a chip-level time difference. Whenever requested to perform and report time difference measurements, the terminal measures the chip-level timing for each candidate base station relative to a reference base station. Additionally, the terminal also measures the frame-level timing and includes this information in the time difference measurement only if required. Otherwise, the terminal sets the frame-level part to a predetermined value (e.g., zero).

Method and apparatus for time-aligning transmissions from multiple base stations in a CDMA communication system

A handover method in wireless telecommunication system supporting USTS is disclosed. The method for performing a handover of a mobile station in an asynchronous wireless telecommunication system supporting an uplink synchronous transmission scheme (USTS) mode, includes the steps of: a) performing a mode conversion of the mobile station from the USTS mode to a non-USTS mode based on a first signal measurement result from the mobile station; and b) performing a handover for the mobile station. In another embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes the step of: c) performing a mode conversion from the non-USTS mode to the USTS mode based on a second signal measurement result from the mobile station.

Handover method in wireless telecommunication systems supporting USTS

This paper presents the design, implementation and test results of a complete wideband CDMA modem with a modulator and a demodulator for use in next-generation mobile stations. The modem is based on NTT DoCoMo's proposal for the next generation W-CDMA air interface. The modulator supports multicode transmission capability, which enables three dedicated physical channels to be transmitted under a single radio link identification. The receiver consists of a searcher, three fingers and combiner and each finger can demodulate three dedicated physical channels simultaneously. For coherent QPSK data demodulation, a novel phase estimation algorithm has been employed. In this algorithm, a finger selects the minimum value after comparing four phase prediction values to the previous one to compute the correct phase. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms the WMSA proposed by NTT DoCoMo. The proposed mobile station modem was implemented with FPGAs and verified by the board-level experiment. Experiments have verified that the modem fully complies with the specification and is capable of up to 384 kbps data transmission when using multicode transmission.

A wideband DS-CDMA modem for a mobile station

A Wideband DS-CDMA Cell Site Modem

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a handover method for supporting the mobility of a user terminal by mode conversion between an uplink synchronous transmission scheme(USTS) mode and a non-uplink synchronous transmission scheme(Non- USTS) mode and a computer-readable recording medium on which a program for realizing the method is recorded. SOLUTION: The handover method of a mobile station in a radio communication system for supporting the USTS includes a first step for converting the mode of the mobile station from the USTS mode to the Non-USTS mode in accordance with a first signal measuring result measured by the mobile station and a second step for applying soft handover to the mobile station. COPYRIGHT: (C)2002,JPO

Handover method in radio communication system for supporting uplink synchronous transmission scheme

Cette invention a trait a un appareil et a un procede permettant de compenser un gain RF d'apres un bruit RF mesure. Cet appareil comporte un processeur RF permettant d'agir sur un gain de signal RF conformement a un signal de commande de gain, un detecteur de niveau de signal permettant de detecter un niveau de signal de bruit, lequel signal de bruit se trouve en dehors de la bande de frequence du signal RF, ainsi qu'une unite de commande de gain permettant de comparer le niveau du signal de bruit au signal RF, ce qui a pour consequence de produire le signal de commande de gain.

Jin-Ick Lee

Papers

Handover method in wireless telecommunication systems supporting USTS

A wideband DS-CDMA modem for a mobile station

A Wideband DS-CDMA Cell Site Modem

Handover method in radio communication system for supporting uplink synchronous transmission scheme

Appareil et procede permettant de compenser un gain rf d'apres un bruit rf mesure