Soft wearable electronics for underwater applications are of interest, but depend on the development of a waterproof, long-term sustainable power source. In this work, we report a bionic stretchable nanogenerator for underwater energy harvesting that mimics the structure of ion channels on the cytomembrane of electrocyte in an electric eel. Combining the effects of triboelectrification caused by flowing liquid and principles of electrostatic induction, the bionic stretchable nanogenerator can harvest mechanical energy from human motion underwater and output an open-circuit voltage over 10 V. Underwater applications of a bionic stretchable nanogenerator have also been demonstrated, such as human body multi-position motion monitoring and an undersea rescue system. The advantages of excellent flexibility, stretchability, outstanding tensile fatigue resistance (over 50,000 times) and underwater performance make the bionic stretchable nanogenerator a promising sustainable power source for the soft wearable electronics used underwater.

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A bionic stretchable nanogenerator for underwater sensing and energy harvesting.

More than energy harvesting – Combining triboelectric nanogenerator and flexible electronics technology for enabling novel micro-/nano-systems

Graphene-based wearable piezoresistive physical sensors

This expanded and thoroughly revised edition of Thomas H. Lee's acclaimed guide to the design of gigahertz RF integrated circuits features a completely new chapter on the principles of wireless systems. The chapters on low-noise amplifiers, oscillators and phase noise have been significantly expanded as well. The chapter on architectures now contains several examples of complete chip designs that bring together all the various theoretical and practical elements involved in producing a prototype chip. First Edition Hb (1998): 0-521-63061-4 First Edition Pb (1998); 0-521-63922-0

The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits: RF CIRCUITS THROUGH THE AGES

Self-powered electronic skin based on the triboelectric generator

The invention discloses a self-powered active RFID tag system based on Bluetooth, which comprises a human energy collecting device, a power management circuit, an energy storage unit, a voltage stabilizing circuit and a Bluetooth module. The human energy collecting device converts human energy into AC electric energy greater than 50V. The power management circuit receives the alternating current energy of the human body energy acquisition device, converts the alternating current energy into direct current energy, and then carries out voltage reduction treatment. The energy storage unit storesthe DC electric energy outputted from the power management circuit. The voltage stabilizing circuit stabilizes the DC energy outputted from the energy storage unit to the DC energy less than or equalto 12V and outputs the DC energy to the Bluetooth module. The Bluetooth module performs signal transmission in a broadcast form in a power supply state smaller than or equal to 12V as a RFID tag signal source. The invention firstly proposes that the human body energy can be applied to an active RFID tag based on Bluetooth through the energy acquisition device.

A self-powered active RFID tag system based on Bluetooth

This paper is aimed at revealing origins of spurious resonances and Q deterioration of thickness shear bulk acoustic resonators (TSBARs) with the edge ratio W x /W y of rectangular electrodes by a field analyses. Here, W x and W y are distances between side edges giving the broadband and standard piston designs, respectively. The field distribution is calculated by applying traceback technique to the full three dimensional finite element method based on hierarchical cascading technique, its variation with the edge ratio is studied in detail, with assistance of the wavenumber domain analysis. The result indicates that the mode conversion and the leakage occur at the bump region causing Q reduction, and generated hybrid modes causing spurious resonances. The former is significant when W x /W y is large and the latter becomes obvious when W x /W y is small.

Field analyses of thickness shear bulk acoustic resonators with different electrode edge ratio using full three dimensional finite element method simulation

This paper describes the possibility of wideband longitudinally coupled resonator filters (LCRFs) composed of LN-based thickness-shear BAW resonators (TSBARs). Not so small acoustic impedance is required for the coupling layer between stacked resonators because of extremely large electromechanical coupling factor $k^{2}$ of the structure. As the coupler, $\text{SiO}_{2}$ and $\mathbf{SiOC}$ with different C content are applied, and achievable performances are compared. When $\mathbf{SiO_{2}}$ is employed, although its acoustic impedance is slightly larger than optimal, flat and wide passband can be also achievable giving small inductors in series. It is also shown that flat and very wide passband can be realizable when SiOC with proper C content is used as the coupler.

Theoretical Investigation of Wideband Longitudinally Coupled Resonator Filter Using Lithium Niobate Thin Plates

This paper discusses applicability of two dimensional phononic crystals (PnC) structure for suppression of energy side leakage in the A 1 mode Lamb wave resonator with the broadband piston mode structure employing rotated Y-cut LiNbO 3 thin plate. Three types of PnC structures are compared, and it is shown that a cross hole-shaped PnC structure offers good energy leakage suppression in addition to producibility. In addition, discussions are extended to adding non-PnC areas to the tether region. They are effective for further suppression of the energy leakage.

Application of Phononic Crystal Structure for Side Leakage Suppression in A 1 -Mode Lamb Wave Resonators

In this paper, a novel frequency-tunable filter based low noise voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) is proposed. The proposed tunable filter consists of a T-type resonator with four varactors and a pair of short-ended stubs connected with feedlines. High-Q can be achieved by introducing a transmission zero on the upper stopband, which can reduce the phase noise of the VCO. The whole size of the tunable filter is 0.002λ2 g . The proposed VCO was fabricated and measured indicating a promising frequency-tuning range from 2.2 to 3.2 GHz with the second harmonic suppression level of better than 22 dB. The measured phase noise is −88–91.44dBc/Hz at 100KHz offset.

Jingfu Bao

Papers

A self-powered active RFID tag system based on Bluetooth

Field analyses of thickness shear bulk acoustic resonators with different electrode edge ratio using full three dimensional finite element method simulation

Theoretical Investigation of Wideband Longitudinally Coupled Resonator Filter Using Lithium Niobate Thin Plates

Application of Phononic Crystal Structure for Side Leakage Suppression in A 1 -Mode Lamb Wave Resonators

Design of voltage-controlled oscillator with compact size and wide tuning range