[1] Changes in regional groundwater storage in North China were estimated from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites data and ground-based measurements collected from 2003 to 2010. The study area (∼370,000 km2) included the Beijing and Tianjin municipality, the Hebei and Shanxi province, which is one of the largest irrigation areas in the world and is subjected to intensive groundwater-based irrigation. Groundwater depletion in North China was estimated by removing the simulated soil moisture changes from the GRACE-derived terrestrial water storage changes. The rate of groundwater depletion in North China based on GRACE was 2.2 ± 0.3 cm/yr from 2003 to 2010, which is equivalent to a volume of 8.3 ± 1.1 km3/yr. The groundwater depletion rate estimated from monitoring well stations during the same time period was between 2.0 and 2.8 cm/yr, which is consistent with the GRACE-based result. However, the estimated groundwater depletion rate in shallow plain aquifers according to the Groundwater Bulletin of China Northern Plains (GBCNP) for the same time period was only approximately 2.5 km3/yr. The difference in groundwater depletion rates estimated from GRACE and GBCNP data indicates the important contribution of groundwater depletion from deep aquifers in the plain and piedmont regions of North China.

Evaluation of groundwater depletion in North China using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data and ground-based measurements (EI)

[1] Long-term climate is the first-order control on mean annual water balance, and vegetation and the interactions between climate seasonality and soil water storage change have also been found to play important roles. The purpose of this paper is to extend the Budyko hypothesis to the seasonal scale and to develop a model for interannual variability of seasonal evaporation and storage change. A seasonal aridity index is defined as the ratio of potential evaporation to effective precipitation, where effective precipitation is the difference between rainfall and storage change. Correspondingly, evaporation ratio is defined as the ratio of evaporation to effective precipitation. A modified Turc-Pike equation with a horizontal shift is proposed to model interannual variability of seasonal evaporation ratio as a function of seasonal aridity index, which includes rainfall seasonality and soil water change. The performance of the seasonal water balance model is evaluated for 277 watersheds in the United States. The 99% of wet seasons and 90% of dry seasons have Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients larger than 0.5. The developed seasonal model can be applied for constructing long-term evaporation and storage change data when rainfall, potential evaporation, and runoff observations are available. On the other hand, vegetation affects seasonal water balance by controlling both evaporation and soil moisture dynamics. The correlation between NDVI and evaporation is strong particularly in wet seasons. However, the correlation between NDVI and the seasonal model parameters is only strong in dry seasons.

Modeling Inter-annual Variability of Seasonal Evaporation and Storage Change Based on the Extended Budyko Framework

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Influences of climatic variability and human activities on terrestrial water storage variations across the Yellow River basin in the recent decade

Rapidly declining surface and terrestrial water resources in Central Asia driven by socio-economic and climatic changes

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2018JD030025

Total Basin Discharge From GRACE and Water Balance Method for the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, Southwestern China

How well do the ERA-Interim, ERA-5, GLDAS-2.1 and NCEP-R2 reanalysis datasets represent daily air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau?

A surrogate model for the Variable Infiltration Capacity model using deep learning artificial neural network

Responses of hydropower generation and sustainability to changes in reservoir policy, climate and land use under uncertainty: A case study of Xinanjiang Reservoir in China

Jingkai Xie

Papers

Influences of climatic variability and human activities on terrestrial water storage variations across the Yellow River basin in the recent decade

Total Basin Discharge From GRACE and Water Balance Method for the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, Southwestern China

How well do the ERA-Interim, ERA-5, GLDAS-2.1 and NCEP-R2 reanalysis datasets represent daily air temperature over the Tibetan Plateau?

A surrogate model for the Variable Infiltration Capacity model using deep learning artificial neural network

Responses of hydropower generation and sustainability to changes in reservoir policy, climate and land use under uncertainty: A case study of Xinanjiang Reservoir in China