Jingwei Li

TL;DR: The findings support a causative role of somatic tumour-related mutations of KRAS/BRAF in the overwhelming majority of brain and spinal arteriovenous malformations and implies the development of targeted therapies with RAS/RAF pathway inhibitors without the necessity of tissue genetic diagnosis.

TL;DR: Conservative treatment could not prevent occurrence of multiple episodes or rebleeding in patients, and microsurgery should be recommended as the preferred treatment strategy for SSEH.

TL;DR: The natural history of symptomatic spinal cord arteriovenous shunts is poor, especially in the early period after onset, and early intervention is thus recommended, and a differentiated treatment strategy is recommended.

TL;DR: Endovascular patchembolization is an improvement on stent-assisted coil embolization, which could be successfully performed only with extensive skill and patience in BBA treatment, but its efficacy and safety should be verified in a larger patient cohort and long-term follow-up study.

TL;DR: Multifocal spinal vascular malformations may coexist in 1 case, and standardized spinal digital subtraction angiography should be performed to avoid a missed diagnosis.