JM Werner

TL;DR: Monocytes sense cells that contain replicating HCV and respond by producing interleukin-18 via the inflammasome and by activating NK cells, indicating a role for monocytes in NK cell activation.

TL;DR: Exposure to small amounts of HCV induces innate immune responses, which correlate with the subsequent HCV‐specific T‐cell response and may contribute to antiviral immunity.

TL;DR: The rapid and robust response to a booster vaccine suggests a long-lasting amnestic response and Hepatitis B vaccination provides long-term protection against hepatitis B and booster vaccination does not appear to be necessary in HCWs.

TL;DR: HBs antigen vaccine-induced immunity protects against future infection but does not provide sterilizing immunity, as evidenced by HBcore- and polymerase-specific CD8(+) T cells in vaccinated health care workers with occupational exposure to HBV.

TL;DR: Subclinical transmission of HCV occurs frequently, resulting in infection and synthesis of nonstructural proteins despite undetectable systemic viremia and T-cell responses are more sensitive indicators of this low-level HCV exposure than antibodies.