Adventure Tourism : The New Frontier

Over the last two decades, "green criminology" has emerged as a unique area of study, bringing together criminologists and sociologists from a wide range of research backgrounds and varying theoretical orientations. It spans the micro to the macro—from individual-level environmental crimes and victimization to business/corporate violations and state transgressions. There have been few attempts, however, to explicitly or implicitly integrate cultural criminology into green criminology (or vice versa). This book moves towards articulating a green cultural criminological perspective. Brisman and South examine existing overlapping research and offer a platform to support future excursions by green criminologists into cultural criminology’s concern with media images and representations, consumerism and consumption, and resistance. At the same time, they offer an invitation to cultural criminologists to adopt a green view of the consumption landscape and the growth (and depictions) of environmental harms.

Green cultural criminology: Constructions of environmental harm, consumerism, and resistance to ecocide [New Directions in Critical Criminology, 5]

CRIMINAL IDENTITIES AND CONSUMER CULTURE: CRIME, EXCLUSION AND THE NEW CULTURE OF NARCISSISM Hall, S., Winlow, S. and Ancrum, C. (2008). Cullompton: Willan. ISBN 978-I-84392-2SS-I This pioneering book is a major contribution to criminological scholarship. It possesses many strengths, not least of which is its trenchant theoretical insight into the motivations (conscious and unconscious) underpinning offending behaviour within the context of late capitalist consumer society. Every criminology student knows that the British Crime Survey and recorded crime figures indicate that crime, overall, is consistently falling. That, however, may not be the whole story of crime in contemporary Britain. Any serious attempt to intervene with offenders who flourish under socially marginalised conditions must address not just the culture of liberal capitalism and the post-political neo-liberal state, but also the egoism and narcissism which suffuses advanced capitalist culture. Current fears of economic recession mean that this book, which outlines the brutality of existence and daily lived realities for those in economically dispossessed communities, is timely. The data informing this work is rooted in a broad ethnographic study of criminal identities in the north-east of England. What renders this book particularly impressive is the quality of its ethnography, which is reflected in the intensity, persuasiveness and frankness of its interviews. No-one who reads this book will be surprised that Steve Hall lauds his co-authors Simon Winlow and Craig Ancrum as 'two of the best criminal ethnographers in the business'. In documenting 'life on the precipice' and providing a voice to the voiceless, they have performed an inestimable service not just to criminologists but to every criminal and community justice practitioner who seeks to understand their clients. Those clients appear to constantly fantasise about another big drug deal, another offending opportunity, and wealth and riches which perpetually remain just around the corner, almost within reach. Whilst striving towards this fantasised end, they will engage in brash, relentless and conspicuous consumption, ensuring that other community members do not fail to notice their 'success'. In this fractured community, no shame is attached to offending. Life in socially marginalised communities is focused on not just the acquisition but the display of consumer symbolism. A researcher visits the home of a local drug dealer which is replete with expensive consumer items including: '... at top of the range racing bike with all the accessories, an expensive crossbow, Xbox 360, Playstation 2, PSP, plasma TVs, home cinema systems, paintball equipment, a laptop computer, a huge Bose music system, a jetski parked in the yard...' (pg 33). In the all-pervasive ethos of ornamental consumerism, offending is experienced as the product of the desire to be continually immersed in consumer indulgence. Reflecting the anxiety imposed by consumer culture, the dealer aims to convince the researcher that he is not a 'loser'. The only real ignominy and public dishonour for the interviewees is seen as being viewed by others as a 'skip-rat, 'no-mark' or Aldi basher'; that is, a member of the disposed urban poor who is so unconcerned with their own social status and sense of identity that they shop at discount stores. Even the everyday act of shopping is loaded with ramifications. The only real ambition and aspiration for the interviewees was to achieve riches as a criminal, typically as a large-scale drug dealer, who is able to ostentatiously display that wealth to all by purchasing the desired consumer items. Any considerations of ethics, community or social conscience are not just irrelevant but confined to the legions of 'nomarks' and 'mugs' destined never achieve real riches. …

Criminal Identities and Consumer Culture: Crime, Exclusion and the New Culture of Narcissism

Aspirational consumption at the bottom of pyramid: A review of literature and future research directions

In this paper, we use a two-period game theoretical model to examine the decisions of a manufacturer and a copycat firm who are competing for strategic customers. The manufacturer decides on the amount of its market expansion advertising investment in the first period and on its pricing strategy in both periods. Advertising increases the “size of the pie,” but eventually the manufacturer may end up inadvertently sharing the benefits with the copycat. After the first period, the copycat makes a market-entry decision, and, if it opts to enter, it also decides on a pricing strategy. The customers are strategic, and they decide whether or not to buy, when to buy, and which product to buy. We find that, interestingly, lower quality levels of the manufacturer’s product may increase the manufacturer’s prices and profit. Moreover, the manufacturer may be worse off when customers are more likely to purchase its product immediately rather than wait for a price reduction or for the copycat’s product. Finally, the co...

Competing with Copycats When Customers Are Strategic

=1476964. Bullock, K., Mann, D., Street, R. and Coxon, C. (2009), Examining Attrition in Confiscating the Proceeds of Crime, Home Office Research Report 17, Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate, available online at www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs09/

Jailhouse Frocks Locating the Public Interest in Policing Counterfeit Luxury Fashion Goods

Counterfeiting raises some interesting intellectual questions for criminologists, policy makers and brand owners, not least that it differs from the types of offending that traditionally form the crime diet of the criminal justice system. Whilst it is growing in prevalence due to the enormous returns on investment, it is unlikely that the public purse will fund major anti-counterfeiting initiatives in a climate of public sector cut-backs, emphasising the need to allocate resources effectively. This article seeks to locate the public interest in policing counterfeit luxury fashion goods by separating it out from the broader debate over safety-critical counterfeits such as aircraft parts. It then maps out, what is in effect, the criminology of desire for counterfeit goods, before outlining the market incentives for counterfeiting and related criminal activity.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1649773

Jailhouse Frocks: Locating the Public Interest in Policing Counterfeit Luxury Fashion Goods

Recent years have seen increasing concern in relation to intellectual property crime and as a result, pressure has mounted to tackle the ‘problem’ of counterfeiting. However, despite an increasing recognition of the responsibility of public policing agencies, a strong consumer-responsibility approach has emerged. This relies on the assumption that if consumers are ‘educated’ about the ‘dangers of buying fakes’ they will refrain from doing so – resulting in a reduced demand and thus, a reduced supply. This article, which is based upon a mixed-methods empirical study investigating people’s attitudes to, and consumption of, counterfeit fashion goods, seeks to problematize the responsibility being placed upon consumers and argues that fundamentally, this is a flawed approach for anti-counterfeiting policy. This article argues that not only does this approach fail to understand consumer attitudes, but it fails to understand the nature and consumption of fashion more generally.

'Get real, don't buy fakes': Fashion fakes and flawed policy - the problem with taking a consumer- responsibility approach to reducing the 'problem' of counterfeiting

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 - METHODOLOGY AND FIELDWORK
-	PHASE 1 – Review of Available Literature and Content Analysis of Media Sources
-	PHASE 2 – In-depth interviews with knowledgeable actors, ethnographic observations in online and offline sites in the UK and internationally

CHAPTER 3 - THE NATURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE COUNTERFEITING BUSINESS

CHAPTER 4 - FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE COUNTERFEIT MARKET
-	Capital to start and sustain a counterfeiting business
-	Settlement of payments in the counterfeiting business
-	Costs in the counterfeiting business
-	Profits and investments in the counterfeiting business 
-	Spending and investing profits from counterfeiting
-	Money laundering 

CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
-	Key Project Findings
-	Future Directions

REFERENCES

Fake Goods, Real Money: The Counterfeiting Business and its Financial Management

Our paper argues for an understanding of adventure as a meaningful subjective experience. We explore the motivations and experiences of multiday hikers (n = 21) in two settings: (1) independent sol...

/pdf/understanding-the-meanings-and-interpretations-of-adventure-4v77a36psx.pdf

Joanna Large

Papers

Jailhouse Frocks Locating the Public Interest in Policing Counterfeit Luxury Fashion Goods

Jailhouse Frocks: Locating the Public Interest in Policing Counterfeit Luxury Fashion Goods

'Get real, don't buy fakes': Fashion fakes and flawed policy - the problem with taking a consumer- responsibility approach to reducing the 'problem' of counterfeiting

Fake Goods, Real Money: The Counterfeiting Business and its Financial Management

Understanding the Meanings and Interpretations of Adventure Experiences: The Perspectives of Multiday Hikers