The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics ''events'', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.

/pdf/pythia-6-4-physics-and-manual-3dvwmijpnq.pdf

PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual

http://risa.stanford.edu/teaching/362/particledarkmatter.pdf

Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

/pdf/codata-recommended-values-of-the-fundamental-physical-4bsdant71c.pdf

CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006

Theory and phenomenology of two-Higgs-doublet models

We review the present status of QCD corrections to weak decays beyond the leading-logarithmic approximation, including particle-antiparticle mixing and rare and $\mathrm{CP}$-violating decays. After presenting the basic formalism for these calculations we discuss in detail the effective Hamiltonians of all decays for which the next-to-leading-order corrections are known. Subsequently, we present the phenomenological implications of these calculations. The values of various parameters are updated, in particular the mass of the newly discovered top quark. One of the central issues in this review are the theoretical uncertainties related to renormalization-scale ambiguities, which are substantially reduced by including next-to-leading-order corrections. The impact of this theoretical improvement on the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is then illustrated. [S0034-6861(96)00304-2]

Weak decays beyond leading logarithms

We apply hard pion Chiral Perturbation Theory to charmonium decays to $\pi\pi$, $KK$ and $\eta\eta$. We first discuss why we expect to be able to provide results for the chiral logarithms in $\chi_{c0}$ and $\chi_{c2}$ decays to two pseudoscalars while for the decays from $J/\psi$, $\psi(nS)$ and $\chi_{c1}$ no simple prediction is possible. The leading chiral logarithm turns out to be absent for $\chi_{c0},\chi_{c2}\to PP$. This result is true for all fully chiral singlet states of spin zero and two.

Chiral Symmetry and Charmonium Decays to Two Pseudoscalars

Model-independent short-distance constraints allow for a reduction of theoretical uncertainties associated to the analytic evaluation of Hadronic Light-by-Light contributions to the muon g-2. In this talk we focus on the region where the three loop virtualities are large. Even when the fourth photon leg is soft, we show how a precise Operator Product Expansion can be applied in that region. The leading contribution is found to be given by the quark loop, while the evaluation of both gluonic and power corrections show how the expansion is well behaved at relatively low energies, where significant contributions to the muon g-2 remain. Numerical values for them are also presented.

/pdf/short-distance-constraints-for-hlbl-in-muon-g-2-2k3gcd57.pdf

Short-distance constraints for HLbL in muon g-2

We present the results from our two-loop calculations of masses, decay-constants, vacuum-expectation-values and the $K_{\ell4}$ form-factors in three-flavour Chiral Perturbation Theory (CHPT). We use this to fit the $L_i^r$ to two-loops and discuss the ensuing predictions for $\pi\pi$-threshold parameters.

$K_{l4}$ at two-loops and CHPT predictions for $\pi\pi$-scattering

We properly define off-shell K ~ ~ transition amplitudes and use them to extract information for on-shell K ~ ~'~" amplitudes within Chiral Perturbation Theory. At order p2 in the chiral expansion all three parameters of weak interaction can be determined. At order p4 we are able to fix eleven additional constants out of thirteen contributing to off-shell K ~ ~ transitions, which leaves four undetermined constants in the on-shell K ---, 7rTr amplitudes. All O(p 4) contributions have been exactly derived with m~ 4: 0. We finally discuss the weak mass term issue and find contributions to on-shell AS = +1 kaon decays, in particular to transitions like KL ~ yy, KL ~ /x+/z - and Ks ---* ~.oyy at the lowest non-zero order. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Johan Bijnens

Papers

Chiral Symmetry and Charmonium Decays to Two Pseudoscalars

Short-distance constraints for HLbL in muon g-2

$K_{l4}$ at two-loops and CHPT predictions for $\pi\pi$-scattering

Obtaining K from off-shell K 7r amplitudes

Hilbert series and higher-order Lagrangians for the O(N) model