The Pythia program can be used to generate high-energy-physics ''events'', i.e. sets of outgoing particles produced in the interactions between two incoming particles. The objective is to provide as accurate as possible a representation of event properties in a wide range of reactions, within and beyond the Standard Model, with emphasis on those where strong interactions play a role, directly or indirectly, and therefore multihadronic final states are produced. The physics is then not understood well enough to give an exact description; instead the program has to be based on a combination of analytical results and various QCD-based models. This physics input is summarized here, for areas such as hard subprocesses, initial- and final-state parton showers, underlying events and beam remnants, fragmentation and decays, and much more. Furthermore, extensive information is provided on all program elements: subroutines and functions, switches and parameters, and particle and process data. This should allow the user to tailor the generation task to the topics of interest.

/pdf/pythia-6-4-physics-and-manual-3dvwmijpnq.pdf

PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual

http://risa.stanford.edu/teaching/362/particledarkmatter.pdf

Particle dark matter: Evidence, candidates and constraints

This paper gives the 2010 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. The 2010 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2006 adjustment as well as the data that became available from 1 January 2007, after the closing date of that adjustment, until 31 December 2010, the closing date of the new adjustment. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2010 set replaces the previously recommended 2006 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at physics.nist.gov/constants.

/pdf/codata-recommended-values-of-the-fundamental-physical-4bsdant71c.pdf

CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2006

Theory and phenomenology of two-Higgs-doublet models

We review the present status of QCD corrections to weak decays beyond the leading-logarithmic approximation, including particle-antiparticle mixing and rare and $\mathrm{CP}$-violating decays. After presenting the basic formalism for these calculations we discuss in detail the effective Hamiltonians of all decays for which the next-to-leading-order corrections are known. Subsequently, we present the phenomenological implications of these calculations. The values of various parameters are updated, in particular the mass of the newly discovered top quark. One of the central issues in this review are the theoretical uncertainties related to renormalization-scale ambiguities, which are substantially reduced by including next-to-leading-order corrections. The impact of this theoretical improvement on the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix is then illustrated. [S0034-6861(96)00304-2]

Weak decays beyond leading logarithms

This paper contains some new results on the hadronic light-by-light contribution (HLbL) to the muon $g-2$. The first part argues that we can expect large effects from disconnected diagrams in present and future calculations by lattice QCD of HLbL. The argument is based on the dominance of pseudo-scalar meson exchange. 
In the second part, we revisit the pion loop HLbL contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. We study it in the framework of some models studied earlier, pure pion loop, full VMD and hidden local symmetry for inclusion of vector mesons. In addition we study possible ways to include the axial-vector meson. The main part of the work is a detailed study of how the different momentum regions contribute. We derive a short distance constraint on the $\gamma^*\gamma^*\to\pi\pi$ amplitude and use this as a constraint on the models used for the pion loop. As a byproduct we present the general result for integration using the Gegenbauer polynomial method.

/pdf/pion-light-by-light-contributions-to-the-muon-g-2-4igd7nx0aj.pdf

Pion light-by-light contributions to the muon $g-2$

Leading logarithms in N-flavour mesonic Chiral Perturbation Theory

Erratum to " K ℓ4 form-factors and π- π scattering" . [Nucl. Phys. B 585 (2000) 293]

We complete here our work on isospin violation in the $K\to3\pi$ system. We first calculate $K\to2\pi$ to the same order as we did $K\to3\pi$ in papers I and II of this series. This adds effects of order $G_{27} p^2 (m_u-m_d)$ and $G_{27} p^2 e^2$ to earlier work. We calculate also the lowest order Bremsstrahlung contributions, $K\to2\pi\gamma,3\pi\gamma$. With these and our earlier results we perform a full fit to all available CP conserving data in the $K\to2\pi,3\pi$ system including isospin violation effects. We perform these fits under various input assumptions as well as test the factorization and the vector dominance model for the weak NLO low energy constants.

Johan Bijnens

Papers

Pion light-by-light contributions to the muon $g-2$

Leading logarithms in N-flavour mesonic Chiral Perturbation Theory

Erratum to " K ℓ4 form-factors and π- π scattering" . [Nucl. Phys. B 585 (2000) 293]

Isospin Breaking in $K\to3\pi$ Decays III: Bremsstrahlung and Fit to Experiment

Isospin breaking in K→3π decays I: strong isospin breaking