Showing papers by "John A. Endler published in 1998"

Sensory ecology, receiver biases and sexual selection

Abstract: During courtship, signals are sent between the sexes, and received signals contain information that forms the basis of decision making. Much is known about signal content, but less is known about signal design-what makes signals work efficiently? A consideration of design not only gives new insights into the evolution of signals (including novelty), but also allows the development of specific and testable predictions about the direction of evolution. Recently there has been increased interest in signal design, but this has resulted in some apparently divergent views in the literature.

The Relative Success of Some Methods for Measuring and Describing the Shape of Complex Objects

Abstract: We examined and compared several morphometric methods for describing complex shapes. W e chose the leaves of maples ( Acer) and other tree species because they can all be visually discriminated from each other solely by leaf shape. W e digitized the leaf outlines with a video camera and then examined the outlines with several morphometric methods to deter- mine the extent to which margin details could be quanti® ed and compared. Elliptic Fourier analysis provides complete and accurate descriptions of complex outlines and can be used to reconstruct images accurately. We compared several metrics that summarize overall shape complexity. A new measure of margin roughness is useful for quantifying and comparing margin detail independently of overall shape. Fractal dimension is highly correlated with the ratio of perimeter to area (dissection index) and reveals little additional information about shape. In combination, the summaries of shape complexity provide good discrimination of groups. W e used canonical discriminant analysis to compare methods for outlines to tradi- tional morphometric analysis of measurements taken between landmark points. Groups were discriminated from each other more clearly with outline methods than with landmark-based analyses. (Acer, Fourier analysis, fractal dimension, landmark analysis, leaf shape, margin roughness, Liquidambar , morphometrics, Quercus.)

The place of hybridization in evolution

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