An introduction to heat transfer

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Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

Micromachining technology was used to prepare chemical analysis systems on glass chips (1 centimeter by 2 centimeters or larger) that utilize electroosmotic pumping to drive fluid flow and electrophoretic separation to distinguish sample components. Capillaries 1 to 10 centimeters long etched in the glass (cross section, 10 micrometers by 30 micrometers) allow for capillary electrophoresis-based separations of amino acids with up to 75,000 theoretical plates in about 15 seconds, and separations of about 600 plates can be effected within 4 seconds. Sample treatment steps within a manifold of intersecting capillaries were demonstrated for a simple sample dilution process. Manipulation of the applied voltages controlled the directions of fluid flow within the manifold. The principles demonstrated in this study can be used to develop a miniaturized system for sample handling and separation with no moving parts.

Micromachining a miniaturized capillary electrophoresis-based chemical analysis system on a chip

Droplet microfluidics generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible multiphase flows inside microchannels Due to its remarkable advantages, droplet microfluidics bears significant value in an extremely wide range of area In this review, we provide a comprehensive and in-depth insight into droplet microfluidics, covering fundamental research from microfluidic chip fabrication and droplet generation to the applications of droplets in bio(chemical) analysis and materials generation The purpose of this review is to convey the fundamentals of droplet microfluidics, a critical analysis on its current status and challenges, and opinions on its future development We believe this review will promote communications among biology, chemistry, physics, and materials science

Emerging Droplet Microfluidics

Microdroplets in microfluidics offer a great number of opportunities in chemical and biological research. They provide a compartment in which species or reactions can be isolated, they are monodisperse and therefore suitable for quantitative studies, they offer the possibility to work with extremely small volumes, single cells, or single molecules, and are suitable for high-throughput experiments. The aim of this Review is to show the importance of these features in enabling new experiments in biology and chemistry. The recent advances in device fabrication are highlighted as are the remaining technological challenges. Examples are presented to show how compartmentalization, monodispersity, single-molecule sensitivity, and high throughput have been exploited in experiments that would have been extremely difficult outside the microfluidics platform.

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Microdroplets in microfluidics: an evolving platform for discoveries in chemistry and biology

This chapter presents a finite-volume (FV) method for computing radiation heat transfer processes The main ingredients of the calculation procedure were presented by Chai et al [1] The resulting method has been tested, refined and extended to account for various geometrical and physical complexities

Finite volume method for radiation heat transfer

A discussion on the ray effect and false scattering occurring in discrete ordinates solution of the radiative transfer equation is presented in this article. Ray effect arises from the approximation of a continuously varying angular nature of radiation by a specified set of discrete angular directions. It is independent of the spatial discretization practice. False scattering, on the other hand, is a consequence of the spatial discretization practice and is independent of the angular discretization practice. In multidimensional computations, when a beam is not aligned with the grid line, false scattering smears the radiative intensity field. It reduces the appearance of unwanted bumps, but does not eliminate ray effect. An inappropriate view of false scattering is also presented. Four sample problems are used to explain these two effects.

Ray effect and false scattering in the discrete ordinates method

Numerical computation of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels

Joule heating effect on electroosmotic flow and mass species transport in a microcapillary

A finite volume method for irregular geometries is presented in this article. The capability of the procedure is tested using five test problems. In these tests, transparent, absorbing, emitting, and anisotropically scattering media are examined. The solutions indicate that the finite volume method is a viable solution procedure for radiative heat transfer processes.

John C. Chai

Papers

Finite volume method for radiation heat transfer

Ray effect and false scattering in the discrete ordinates method

Numerical computation of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels

Joule heating effect on electroosmotic flow and mass species transport in a microcapillary

Finite volume radiative heat transfer procedure for irregular geometries