Tumor suppressor p53 is a direct transcriptional activator of the human bax gene

NOTE The report of the Committee without its annexes appears as Official Records of the General Assembly, Sixty-third Session, Supplement No. 46. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The country names used in this document are, in most cases, those that were in use at the time the data were collected or the text prepared. In other cases, however, the names have been updated, where this was possible and appropriate, to reflect political changes. Scientific Annexes Annex A. Medical radiation exposures Annex B. Exposures of the public and workers from various sources of radiation INTROdUCTION 1. In the course of the research and development for and the application of atomic energy and nuclear technologies, a number of radiation accidents have occurred. Some of these accidents have resulted in significant health effects and occasionally in fatal outcomes. The application of technologies that make use of radiation is increasingly widespread around the world. Millions of people have occupations related to the use of radiation, and hundreds of millions of individuals benefit from these uses. Facilities using intense radiation sources for energy production and for purposes such as radiotherapy, sterilization of products, preservation of foodstuffs and gamma radiography require special care in the design and operation of equipment to avoid radiation injury to workers or to the public. Experience has shown that such technology is generally used safely, but on occasion controls have been circumvented and serious radiation accidents have ensued. 2. Reviews of radiation exposures from accidents have been presented in previous UNSCEAR reports. The last report containing an exclusive chapter on exposures from accidents was the UNSCEAR 1993 Report [U6]. 3. This annex is aimed at providing a sound basis for conclusions regarding the number of significant radiation accidents that have occurred, the corresponding levels of radiation exposures and numbers of deaths and injuries, and the general trends for various practices. Its conclusions are to be seen in the context of the Committee's overall evaluations of the levels and effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. 4. The Committee's evaluations of public, occupational and medical diagnostic exposures are mostly concerned with chronic exposures of …

sources and effects of ionizing radiation

Background: The Swedish National Inpatient Register (IPR), also called the Hospital Discharge Register, is a principal source of data for numerous research projects. The IPR is part of the National Patient Register. The Swedish IPR was launched in 1964 (psychiatric diagnoses from 1973) but complete coverage did not begin until 1987. Currently, more than 99% of all somatic (including surgery) and psychiatric hospital discharges are registered in the IPR. A previous validation of the IPR by the National Board of Health and Welfare showed that 85-95% of all diagnoses in the IPR are valid. The current paper describes the history, structure, coverage and quality of the Swedish IPR. Methods and results: In January 2010, we searched the medical databases, Medline and HighWire, using the search algorithm “validat* (inpatient or hospital discharge) Sweden”. We also contacted 218 members of the Swedish Society of Epidemiology and an additional 201 medical researchers to identify papers that had validated the IPR. In total, 132 papers were reviewed. The positive predictive value (PPV) was found to differ between diagnoses in the IPR, but is generally 85-95%. Conclusions: In conclusion, the validity of the Swedish IPR is high for many but not all diagnoses. The long followup makes the register particularly suitable for large-scale population-based research, but for certain research areas the use of other health registers, such as the Swedish Cancer Register, may be more suitable.

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External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register

https://www.cell.com/cell/pdf/0092-8674%2893%2990719-7.pdf

p53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents

ObjectiveThe authors report the feasibility and accuracy of intraoperative lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymphadenectomy in patients with breast cancerSummary Background DataAxillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for breast cancer generally is accepted for its staging and prognostic value, but the

Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Lymphadenectomy for Breast Cancer

Introduction
Tamoxifen therapy reduces the risk of recurrence and prolongs the survival of oestrogen-receptor-positive patients with breast cancer Even if most patients benefit from tamoxifen, many breast tumours either fail to respond or become resistant Because tamoxifen is extensively metabolised by polymorphic enzymes, one proposed mechanism underlying the resistance is altered metabolism In the present study we investigated the prognostic and/or predictive value of functional polymorphisms in cytochrome P450 3A5 CYP3A5 (*3), CYP2D6 (*4), sulphotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1; *2) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15 (UGT2B15; *2) in tamoxifen-treated patients with breast cancer

/pdf/genetic-variants-of-cyp3a5-cyp2d6-sult1a1-ugt2b15-and-1n00zs25hw.pdf

Genetic variants of CYP3A5, CYP2D6, SULT1A1, UGT2B15 and tamoxifen response in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer

Prognostic significance of cytoplasmic p53 oncoprotein in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Background: This study investigated whether large fluctuations in food availability during grandparents' early development influenced grandchildren's cardiovascular mortality. We reported earlier that changes in availability of food - from good to poor or from poor to good - during intrauterine development was followed by a double risk of sudden death as an adult, and that mortality rate can be associated with ancestorschildhood availability of food. We have now studied transgenerational responses (TGR) to sharp differences of harvest between two consecutive yearsfor ancestors of 317 people in Overkalix, Sweden. Results: The confidence intervals were very wide but we found a striking TGR. There was no response in cardiovascular mortality in the grandchild from sharp changes of early exposure, experienced by three of the four grandparents (maternal grandparents and paternal grandfathers). If, however, the paternal grandmother up to puberty lived through a sharp change in food supply from one year to next, her sonsdaughters had an excess risk for cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.05-6.92). Selection or learning and imitation are unlikely explanations. X-linked epigenetic inheritance via spermatozoa seemed to be plausible, with the transmission, limited to being through the father, possibly explained by the sex differences in meiosis. Conclusion: The shock of change in food availability seems to give specific transgenerational responses.

/pdf/change-in-paternal-grandmothers-early-food-supply-influenced-162ntqhg63.pdf

Change in paternal grandmothers' early food supply influenced cardiovascular mortality of the female grandchildren

To prospectively investigate and describe the prevalence and incidence of malnutrition among home-living older people, related to demographic and medical factors, self-perceived health and health-r ...

Malnutrition in a home-living older population: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. A prospective study.

The relation between breast cancer risk and serum levels of cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein (BLP), height, weight, Quetelet’s index and blood pressure was studied in a cohort of 46570 Swedish women less than 75 years of age. The cohort was examined between 1963 and 1965 and followed up in the Swedish Cancer Registry until 1983. During this period 1182 cases of breast cancer were reported. Of those, 196 were reported among women <50 years of age. Statistically significant positive associations were observed between height, weight, and systolic blood pressure and breast cancer risk. No clear trend in cancer risk related to serum cholesterol or BLP was seen in the total material. In a stepwise Cox multiple regression analysis only the associations with height and blood pressure remained significant. Among women, having their cancer diagnosed before the age of 50, higher Quetelet’s index was associated with a lower cancer risk, whereas a positive correlation was seen among women 350 years. In the group of younger women a high BLP level was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. This relation became even stronger when studied in a multivariate analysis, which also showed a negative correlation between serum cholesterol and cancer risk.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/02841868809090315

John Carstensen

Papers

Genetic variants of CYP3A5, CYP2D6, SULT1A1, UGT2B15 and tamoxifen response in postmenopausal patients with breast cancer

Prognostic significance of cytoplasmic p53 oncoprotein in colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Change in paternal grandmothers' early food supply influenced cardiovascular mortality of the female grandchildren

Malnutrition in a home-living older population: prevalence, incidence and risk factors. A prospective study.

Breast Cancer Risk in Relation to Serum Cholesterol, Serum Beta-Lipoprotein, Height, Weight, and Blood Pressure