Many areas in power systems require solving one or more nonlinear optimization problems. While analytical methods might suffer from slow convergence and the curse of dimensionality, heuristics-based swarm intelligence can be an efficient alternative. Particle swarm optimization (PSO), part of the swarm intelligence family, is known to effectively solve large-scale nonlinear optimization problems. This paper presents a detailed overview of the basic concepts of PSO and its variants. Also, it provides a comprehensive survey on the power system applications that have benefited from the powerful nature of PSO as an optimization technique. For each application, technical details that are required for applying PSO, such as its type, particle formulation (solution representation), and the most efficient fitness functions are also discussed.

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Particle Swarm Optimization: Basic Concepts, Variants and Applications in Power Systems

(1990). ENERGY FUNCTION ANALYSIS FOR POWER SYSTEM STABILITY. Electric Machines & Power Systems: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 209-210.

Energy function analysis for power system stability

Frequency control as a major function of automatic generation control is one of the important control problems in electric power system design and operation, and is becoming more significant today due to the increasing size, changing structure, emerging new uncertainties, environmental constraints, and the complexity of power systems. Robust Power System Frequency Control uses the recent development of linear robust control theory to provide practical, systematic, fast, and flexible algorithms for the tuning of power system load-frequency controllers. The physical constraints and important challenges related to the frequency regulation issue in a deregulated environment are emphasized, and most results are supplemented by real-time simulations. The developed control strategies attempt to bridge the existing gap between the advantages of robust/optimal control and traditional power system frequency control design. The material summarizes the long term research outcomes and contributions of the author’s experience with power system frequency regulation. It provides a thorough understanding of the basic principles of power system frequency behavior over a wide range of operating conditions. It uses simple frequency response models, control structures and mathematical algorithms to adapt modern robust control theorems with frequency control issues as well as conceptual explanations. The engineering aspects of frequency regulation have been considered, and practical methods for computer analysis and design are also discussed. Robust Power System Frequency Control provides a comprehensive coverage of frequency control understanding, simulation and design. The material develops an appropriate intuition relative to the robust load frequency regulation problem in real-world power systems, rather than to describe sophisticated mathematical analytical methods.

Robust Power System Frequency Control

The Global Energy Assessment (GEA) brings together over 300 international researchers to provide an independent, scientifically based, integrated and policy-relevant analysis of current and emerging energy issues and options. It has been peer-reviewed anonymously by an additional 200 international experts. The GEA assesses the major global challenges for sustainable development and their linkages to energy; the technologies and resources available for providing energy services; future energy systems that address the major challenges; and the policies and other measures that are needed to realize transformational change toward sustainable energy futures. The GEA goes beyond existing studies on energy issues by presenting a comprehensive and integrated analysis of energy chalenges, opportunities and strategies, for developing, industrialized and emerging economies. This volume is a invaluable resource for energy specialists and technologists in all sectors (academia, industry and government) as well as policymakers, development economists and practitioners in international organizations and national governments.

Global Energy Assessment: Toward a Sustainable Future

Survey Paper: A survey on the communication architectures in smart grid

The problem of defining and classifying power system stability has been addressed by several previous CIGRE and IEEE Task Force reports. These earlier efforts, however, do not completely reflect current industry needs, experiences and understanding. In particular, the definitions are not precise and the classifications do not encompass all practical instability scenarios. This report developed by a Task Force, set up jointly by the CIGRE Study Committee 38 and the IEEE Power System Dynamic Performance Committee, addresses the issue of stability definition and classification in power systems from a fundamental viewpoint and closely examines the practical ramifications. The report aims to define power system stability more precisely, provide a systematic basis for its classification, and discuss linkages to related issues such as power system reliability and security.

Definition and classification of power system stability IEEE/CIGRE joint task force on stability terms and definitions

On August 14, 2003, a cascading outage of transmission and generation facilities in the North American Eastern Interconnection resulted in a blackout of most of New York state as well as parts of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Ontario, Canada. On September 23, 2003, nearly four million customers lost power in eastern Denmark and southern Sweden following a cascading outage that struck Scandinavia. Days later, a cascading outage between Italy and the rest of central Europe left most of Italy in darkness on September 28. These major blackouts are among the worst power system failures in the last few decades. The Power System Stability and Power System Stability Controls Subcommittees of the IEEE PES Power System Dynamic Performance Committee sponsored an all day panel session with experts from around the world. The experts described their recent work on the investigation of grid blackouts. The session offered a unique forum for discussion of possible root causes and necessary steps to reduce the risk of blackouts. This white paper presents the major conclusions drawn from the presentations and ensuing discussions during the all day session, focusing on the root causes of grid blackouts. This paper presents general conclusions drawn by this Committee together with recommendations based on lessons learned.

Causes of the 2003 major grid blackouts in North America and Europe, and recommended means to improve system dynamic performance

Charles Concordia Consultant 9.1 Nature of Power System Oscillations 9-1 Historical Perspective . Power System Oscillations Classified by Interaction Characteristics . Conceptual Description of Power System Oscillations . Summar y on the Nature of Power System Oscillations 9.2 Criteria for Damping 9-7 9.3 Study Procedure 9-7 9.4 Mitigation of Power System Oscillations 9-9 Siting . Control Objectives . Closed-Loop Control Design . Input Signal Selection . Input-Signal Filtering . Control Algorithm . Gain Selection . Control Output Limits . Performance Evaluation . Adverse Side Effects . Higher-Order Terms for Small-Signal Analysis 9.5 Higher-Order Terms for Small-Signal Analysis 9-13 9.6 Summary 9-14

Small Signal Stability and Power System Oscillations

For original paper by P. Kundur, J. Paserba and S. Vitet see CIGRE/IEEE PES International Symposium, Montreal, Que., Canada, 8-10 Oct. 2003 and for discussion by Olof Samuelsson and Sture Lindahl see ibid., vol.21, no.1, p.466, Feb. 2006.

Closure of "Definition and classification of power system stability"

This book, "Robust Control in Power Systems (B. Pal and B. Chaudhuri) is a new addition to the Power Electronics and Power Systems Series by Springer Science+Business Media Inc. The nearly 190+ page book addresses an important issue related to power system stability. The text proposes methods for improving system dynamic performance by way of robust control in power systems.

John Paserba

Papers

Definition and classification of power system stability IEEE/CIGRE joint task force on stability terms and definitions

Causes of the 2003 major grid blackouts in North America and Europe, and recommended means to improve system dynamic performance

Small Signal Stability and Power System Oscillations

Closure of "Definition and classification of power system stability"

Robust control in power systems [Book Reviews]