John Purdy

TL;DR: How neonicotinoids interact with the nervous system of honeybees and affect individual honeybees in laboratory situations is described and a review of current and proposed guidance in the United States and Europe for assessing the risks of pesticides to honeybees is concluded.

TL;DR: CPY is an important tool in management of a large number of pests (mainly insects and mites) and is used on a wide range of crops in the U.S. from 2008 to 2012 and is potentially toxic to most animals.

TL;DR: The use of CPY in agriculture in North America does not present an unacceptable risk to honeybees, and compliance with the label precautions and good agricultural practice with the product is the norm in North American agriculture.

TL;DR: This volume of Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology is devoted to an assessment of the ecological risks posed by chlorpyrifos (O,O-diethyl O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2- pyridinyl) phosphorothioate; CPY) as used in the United States.

TL;DR: An assessment of vulnerability to runoff was conducted to characterize the potential for CPY to be transported beyond a treated field in runoff water and eroded sediment across the conterminous U.S. to narrow the application practices and geographical areas of the country for selecting watersheds for detailed modeling.