https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(13)60687-X.pdf

Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives

Review of recent research on hepatitis C therapy for 54th annual meeting of the American association for the study of liver diseases

正しい方法がわかる臨床基本手技 : from the New England journal of medicine

https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278(18)32388-2/pdf

Burden of liver diseases in the world

Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine.

https://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.25505

The global burden of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005

Objective To forecast age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and its consequences in the United States through the year 2050 with different treatment scenarios. Methods We simulated cases of early AMD, choroidal neovascularization (CNV), geographic atrophy (GA), and AMD-attributable visual impairment and blindness with 5 universal treatment scenarios: (1) no treatment; (2) focal laser and photodynamic therapy (PDT) for CNV; (3) vitamin prophylaxis at early-AMD incidence with focal laser/PDT for CNV; (4) no vitamin prophylaxis followed by focal laser treatment for extra and juxtafoveal CNV and anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment; and (5) vitamin prophylaxis at early-AMD incidence followed by CNV treatment, as in scenario 4. Results Cases of early AMD increased from 9.1 million in 2010 to 17.8 million in 2050 across all scenarios. In non–vitamin-receiving scenarios, cases of CNV and GA increased from 1.7 million in 2010 to 3.8 million in 2050 (25% lower in vitamin-receiving scenarios). Cases of visual impairment and blindness increased from 620 000 in 2010 to 1.6 million in 2050 when given no treatment and were 2.4%, 22.0%, 16.9%, and 34.5% lower in scenarios 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusion Prevalence of AMD will increase substantially by 2050, but the use of new therapies can mitigate its effects.

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/articlepdf/422785/eeb90005_533_540.pdf

Forecasting Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through the Year 2050 The Potential Impact of New Treatments

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is most prevalent among adults born from 1945 through 1965, and most of them are currently undiagnosed. Whether screening based on birth cohort is more cost-effect...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/upload/2012/2/20/263.full.pdf

The Cost-Effectiveness of Birth-Cohort Screening for Hepatitis C Antibody in U.S. Primary Care Settings

Forecasting the morbidity and mortality associated with prevalent cases of pre-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C in the United States ☆ ☆☆

Background New hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatments deliver higher cure rates with fewer contraindications, increasing demand for treatment and healthcare costs. The cost-effectiveness of new treatments is unknown. Methods We conducted a microsimulation of guideline testing followed by alternative treatment regimens for HCV among the US population aged 20 and older to estimate cases identified, treated, sustained viral response, deaths, medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of different treatment options expressed as discounted lifetime costs and benefits from the healthcare perspective. Results Compared to treatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PR), and a protease inhibitor for HCV genotype (G) 1 and PR alone for G2/3, treatment with PR and Sofosbuvir (PRS) for G1/4 and treatment with Sofosbuvir and ribavirin (SR) for G2/3 increased QALYs by 555 226, reduced deaths by 80 682, and increased costs by $26.2 billion at an ICER of $47 304 per QALY gained. As compared to PRS/SR, treating with an all oral regimen of Sofosbuvir and Simeprevir (SS) for G1/4 and SR for G2/3, increased QALYs by 1 110 451 and reduced deaths by an additional 164 540 at an incremental cost of $80.1 billion and an ICER of $72 169. In sensitivity analysis, where treatment with SS effectiveness was set to the list price of Viekira Pak and then Harvoni, treatment cost $24 921 and $25 405 per QALY gained as compared to PRS/SR. Conclusions New treatments are cost-effectiveness per person treated, but pent-up demand for treatment may create challenges for financing.

/pdf/the-cost-effectiveness-health-benefits-and-financial-costs-4h8zqkolba.pdf

John S. Wittenborn

Papers

The global burden of hepatitis E virus genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005

Forecasting Age-Related Macular Degeneration Through the Year 2050 The Potential Impact of New Treatments

The Cost-Effectiveness of Birth-Cohort Screening for Hepatitis C Antibody in U.S. Primary Care Settings

Forecasting the morbidity and mortality associated with prevalent cases of pre-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C in the United States ☆ ☆☆

The Cost-effectiveness, Health Benefits, and Financial Costs of New Antiviral Treatments for Hepatitis C Virus