Social Network Analysis

The [2 + 2] photocycloaddition is undisputedly the most important and most frequently used photochemical reaction. In this review, it is attempted to cover all recent aspects of [2 + 2] photocycloaddition chemistry with an emphasis on synthetically relevant, regio-, and stereoselective reactions. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was done in the field in the last 20 years (i.e., from 1995 to 2015). Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to mechanism and substrate classes. Cu(I) and PET (photoinduced electron transfer) catalysis are treated separately in sections 2 and 4, whereas the vast majority of photocycloaddition reactions which occur by direct excitation or sensitization are divided within section 3 into individual subsections according to the photochemically excited olefin.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00723

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyclobutanes by Olefin [2+2] Photocycloaddition Reactions

Naturally occurring bioactive Cyclobutane-containing (CBC) alkaloids in fungi, fungal endophytes, and plants.

Asymmetric expansion: A catalytic asymmetric ring-expansion reaction of the title compounds occurs in the presence of a Sc(OTf)(3) catalyst bearing an N,N'-dioxide-based ligand. Highly functionalized 2-quinolone derivatives containing a chiral C4-quaternary stereocenter were obtained in high yields and high levels of selectivity under mild reaction conditions (see scheme; Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl).

A Catalytic Asymmetric Ring‐Expansion Reaction of Isatins and α‐Alkyl‐α‐Diazoesters: Highly Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized 2‐Quinolone Derivatives

Novel quinolinone alkaloids bearing a lignoid moiety and related constituents in the leaves of Melicope denhamii

AbstractNenga gajah J. Dransf. is an endemic palm species originating from the island of Sumatra. The palm is one of the collections of the Bogor Botanic Gardens with seven collection numbers of N. gajah from Jambi and Riau. However, the reproduction information of the palm is still unknown until now. Information on the phenology of flowering is essential in conservation activities, especially its presence in nature and the production of seeds for reintroduction purposes. This study aims to determine the phases and timing of the flowering period and the factors that influence the flowering of N. gajah in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. This study was conducted on individuals at the phase of initiation of flowering. Flowering observation variables include the length of the period from flower buds to the anthesis phase until the flowers wither, and the fertilization process from young fruit to ripe. The flower and fruit of N. gajah were documented in each stage. The data recorded included flower and fruit development time for each phase and visiting insects. Data analysis was carried out descriptively to describe the process of flowering and fertilization that occurred. The results showed that the flower initiation phase took an average of 25.5 days, the anthesis phase took 6–7 days, the anthesis phase took 7–9 days, and the fruit formation and ripening phase took 100–120 days. Insects that are thought to act as pollinating insects for N. gajah include Trigona sp., Polyrachis sp., and Apis sp.AbstrakNenga gajah J. Dransf. merupakan salah satu jenis palem endemik yang berasal dari Pulau Sumatra. Palem tersebut menjadi salah satu koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor dengan tujuh nomor koleksi N. gajah yang berasal dari Jambi dan Riau namun informasi reproduksi palem tersebut masih belum diketahui hingga kini. Informasi fenologi pembungaan tersebut sangat diperlukan dalam kegiatan konservasi, khususnya keberadaannya di alam dan produksi biji untuk tujuan reintroduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fase-fase dan waktu periode pembungaan dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pembungaan N. gajah di Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap individu yang berada pada tahap inisiasi pembungaan. Variabel pengamatan pembungaan meliputi panjang periode dari kuncup bunga menuju fase antesissampai bunga layu dan proses pembuahan dari buah muda sampai masak. Perkembangan bunga dan buah N. gajah didokumentasikan pada setiap fase, data yang dicatat meliputi waktu perkembangan bunga dan buah untuk setiap fase, serta serangga pengunjung. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan proses pembungaan dan pembuahan yang terjadi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa fase inisiasi bunga membutuhkan waktu rata-rata 25,5 hari, menuju fase antesis membutuhkan waktu 6–7 hari, fase antesis membutuhkan waktu 7–9 hari, dan fase pembentukan dan pematangan buah membutuhkan waktu 100–120 hari. Serangga yang diduga berperan sebagai serangga penyerbuk N. gajah antara lain Trigona sp., Polyrachis sp., dan Apis sp.

/pdf/flowering-phenology-of-pinang-gajah-nenga-gajah-j-dransf-in-36vuhonp.pdf

Flowering Phenology of Pinang Gajah (Nenga gajah J. Dransf.) in The Bogor Botanic Gardens

DNA isolation is an important issue in molecular fields  especially for threatened species such as Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume. Typically, leaflets structure of D. draco consists of leaflets as common species of palms. DNA isolation protocol described by Doyle dan Doyle (1987) and Carmen del Castillo et al. , (2006) were tested. Protocol Carmen del Castillo et al. , (2006)  was modified obtain high quality of template DNA of D. draco. Modified DNA-isolation protocol is relatively quick, simple, least expensive, minimum equipments and chemicals required, and suitable for PCR. Keywords: Daemonorops draco , dried-leaf tissues, DNA isolation

MODIFICATION OF DNA ISOLATION PROTOCOL FROM DRIED-LEAF TISSUES OF THREATENED SPECIES “JERNANG” (Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume)

. Hariri MR, Robiansyah I, Witono JR. 2019. The dynamics of Typhonium Schott (Araceae: Areae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, West Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 369-373.  The study on the dynamics of Typhonium was carried out through the Bogor Botanic Gardens collections catalog and direct observations in the garden. The results showed that there were 8 species of Typhonium which had once been listed as garden’s collection and planted in Bogor Botanic Gardens. There was a change in the species composition of Typhonium starting from 1844 to 1985. In 2018, two non-collection species of Typhonium were found growing abundantly in the Bogor Botanic Gardens. The updated data of Typhonium record in Bogor Botanic Gardens catalog is also presented.

/pdf/the-dynamics-of-typhonium-schott-araceae-areae-in-bogor-2jjaycx6qo.pdf

The dynamics of Typhonium Schott (Araceae: Areae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, West Java

The mangrove forest of Sungai Tembiluk ̶ Sungai Air Mata is a High Conservation Value (HCV) area composed of native plants of Ketapang Regency, West Kalimantan, which is proposed as Ketapang Botanical Garden. This study aims to analyze the vegetation composition, Important Value Index (IVI), species richness, diversity, and evenness in the mangrove forest of Sungai Tembiluk ̶ Sungai Air Mata that could be used as the basis of sustainable management practices. Thirtyone plots of 10x10 m laid down along the transect and 10 mangrove species were identified. Seedlings were dominated by Bruguiera gymnorhiza (IVI = 109.83%), while sapling and tree were dominated by Rhizophora apiculata (IVI = 160.79% and 163.28%, respectively). The Margalef Richness Index (D) was 1.11 (low), the Shannon Diversity Index (H') was 1.08 (moderate), and the Pielou Evenness Index (J’) was 0.47 (moderate). The horizontal structure was an L ̶ form, which meant as the diameter class getting bigger and the number of species was becoming fewer. The vertical structure had four canopy layers, namely stratum B, C, D, and E. The plant diversity information of this region is essential as a starting point for the development of Ketapang Botanical Garden in order to maintain and improve the initial environmental conditions and native plant

Vegetation analysis of Sungai Tembiluk Sungai Air Mata mangrove forest: a proposed site of Ketapang Botanical Garden in west Kalimantan

. Asra R, Witono JR, Fijridiyanto I, Elva, Scheu S. 2019. Community study of dragon’s blood palm (Daemonorops spp.) in Harapan Rainforest, Sumatra. Biodiversitas 20: 3632-3640. Dragon's blood palms are rattan species that produce red-colored exudate on its fruit skin, popularly called exudates 'dragon's blood'. It has a high economic value and plays an important role as an income source for indigenous tribes in Jambi, such as in Bukit Duabelas National Park who live Anak Dalam Tribe and Semerantihan Village live Talang Mamak Tribe. However, overexploitation and unsustainable harvesting method have caused its decline in its population in natural forest. This study aims to make an inventory and map distribution of Dragon's blood palms in Harapan Rainforest, at the boundary between Jambi and South Sumatra Provinces, Indonesia; to determine its sex ratio and identify environmental factors that influence sex of Dragon's blood palms. This research used purposive random sampling method at three areas in Harapan Rainforest, i.e.: Hamparan Bato, Hamparan Batang Kapas, and Hamparan between Block A and B. The results showed that three species of Daemonorops were found in Harapan Rainforest, namely Daemonorops didymophylla, D. draco, and D. longipes. D. longipes has the highest population (18 clumps). The highest number of clumps were found in Hamparan Bato (17 clumps)and Hamparan Batang Kapas (17 clumps) areas. The ratio of male and female plants of D. longipes is 1: 1.84, D. draco is 1: 2 and D. didymophylla is 2.2: 1. Most clumps of Daemonorops species in Harapan Rainforest grow on the river banks which have low organic matters. Soil chemical variables that most contribute to the growth of Daemonorops spp. in Harapan Forest are N, C and pH.

/pdf/community-study-of-dragon-s-blood-palm-daemonorops-spp-in-3pst4nd97q.pdf

Joko Ridho Witono

Papers

Flowering Phenology of Pinang Gajah (Nenga gajah J. Dransf.) in The Bogor Botanic Gardens

MODIFICATION OF DNA ISOLATION PROTOCOL FROM DRIED-LEAF TISSUES OF THREATENED SPECIES “JERNANG” (Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume)

The dynamics of Typhonium Schott (Araceae: Areae) in Bogor Botanic Gardens, West Java

Vegetation analysis of Sungai Tembiluk Sungai Air Mata mangrove forest: a proposed site of Ketapang Botanical Garden in west Kalimantan

Community study of dragon’s blood palm (Daemonorops spp.) in Harapan Rainforest, Sumatra