There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

SciPy is an open source scientific computing library for the Python programming language. SciPy 1.0 was released in late 2017, about 16 years after the original version 0.1 release. SciPy has become a de facto standard for leveraging scientific algorithms in the Python programming language, with more than 600 unique code contributors, thousands of dependent packages, over 100,000 dependent repositories, and millions of downloads per year. This includes usage of SciPy in almost half of all machine learning projects on GitHub, and usage by high profile projects including LIGO gravitational wave analysis and creation of the first-ever image of a black hole (M87). The library includes functionality spanning clustering, Fourier transforms, integration, interpolation, file I/O, linear algebra, image processing, orthogonal distance regression, minimization algorithms, signal processing, sparse matrix handling, computational geometry, and statistics. In this work, we provide an overview of the capabilities and development practices of the SciPy library and highlight some recent technical developments.

/pdf/scipy-1-0-fundamental-algorithms-for-scientific-computing-in-111lr790ol.pdf

SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python

Deposits of clastic carbonate-dominated (calciclastic) sedimentary slope systems in the rock record have been identified mostly as linearly-consistent carbonate apron deposits, even though most ancient clastic carbonate slope deposits fit the submarine fan systems better. Calciclastic submarine fans are consequently rarely described and are poorly understood. Subsequently, very little is known especially in mud-dominated calciclastic submarine fan systems. Presented in this study are a sedimentological core and petrographic characterisation of samples from eleven boreholes from the Lower Carboniferous of Bowland Basin (Northwest England) that reveals a >250 m thick calciturbidite complex deposited in a calciclastic submarine fan setting. Seven facies are recognised from core and thin section characterisation and are grouped into three carbonate turbidite sequences. They include: 1) Calciturbidites, comprising mostly of highto low-density, wavy-laminated bioclast-rich facies; 2) low-density densite mudstones which are characterised by planar laminated and unlaminated muddominated facies; and 3) Calcidebrites which are muddy or hyper-concentrated debrisflow deposits occurring as poorly-sorted, chaotic, mud-supported floatstones. These

Phd by thesis

Array programming provides a powerful, compact and expressive syntax for accessing, manipulating and operating on data in vectors, matrices and higher-dimensional arrays. NumPy is the primary array programming library for the Python language. It has an essential role in research analysis pipelines in fields as diverse as physics, chemistry, astronomy, geoscience, biology, psychology, materials science, engineering, finance and economics. For example, in astronomy, NumPy was an important part of the software stack used in the discovery of gravitational waves1 and in the first imaging of a black hole2. Here we review how a few fundamental array concepts lead to a simple and powerful programming paradigm for organizing, exploring and analysing scientific data. NumPy is the foundation upon which the scientific Python ecosystem is constructed. It is so pervasive that several projects, targeting audiences with specialized needs, have developed their own NumPy-like interfaces and array objects. Owing to its central position in the ecosystem, NumPy increasingly acts as an interoperability layer between such array computation libraries and, together with its application programming interface (API), provides a flexible framework to support the next decade of scientific and industrial analysis. NumPy is the primary array programming library for Python; here its fundamental concepts are reviewed and its evolution into a flexible interoperability layer between increasingly specialized computational libraries is discussed.

/pdf/array-programming-with-numpy-31s3jl24ra.pdf

Array programming with NumPy

Det er beskrevet en anordning for interferometrisk avfoling, som omfatter en mengde laserkilder med enkel longitudinal modus som hver frembringer straling ved en tilhorende mengde valgte bolgelengder og i det minste en modulator for a frekvens- eller fasemodulere stralingen fra hver laser, en mengde Fabry-Perot interferometre dannet ved skriving av Bragg-gittere inn i den optiske fiber, idet hvert interferometer reagerer pa den modulerte straling ved en i nevnte mengde av bolgelengder slik at hvert enkelt frembringer et reflektert eller overfort optisk utgangssignal avhengig av det tilhorende interferometers veilengde, og en eller flere demodulatorer for a demodulere de optiske utgangssignaler og frembringe en tilhorende mengde malesignaler som angir de respektive interferometres optiske veilengder.

Anordning for interferometrisk avføling

L'invention concerne un systeme et un procede destines a stabiliser une pluralite de frequences (longueurs d’ondes) de sortie d’une pluralite de lasers (106). Les faisceaux laser sont combines a l’aide d’un multiplexeur optique (110) et couples dans un interferometre de Mach-Zehnder (MZI) (114) desequilibre en longueur (c’est-a-dire dont les longueurs de bras ne concordent pas) dote d’un modulateur optique (par ex. AOM) (122) sur l’un de ses bras. La sortie du MZI est divisee en faisceaux correspondants via un demultiplexeur optique (128) et chaque faisceau est detecte par une photodiode (PD) (134) correspondante. Les signaux electriques individuels ainsi generes sont demodules a l’aide d’une pluralite correspondante de dispositifs (138) sensibles a la phase, et les signaux de phase resultants sont diriges vers une pluralite de commandes asservies (148) afin de commander la frequence centrale des lasers (106) respectifs via une pluralite correspondante de circuits (150) a boucle de retroaction. Les lasers (106) peuvent presenter des frequences centrales differentes, qui peuvent egalement etre accordees individuellement a l’aide de modules (141) de decalage dans les dispositifs (138) sensibles a la phase.

Procédés et systèmes de stabilisation en fréquence de lasers multiples

We present a fiber dispersion spectrometer with digitally enhanced homodyne phase extraction and frequency and intensity noise suppression. It is used to interrogate anomalous dispersion of Hydrogen Cyanide (H13CN) in the near-infrared.

Digitally Enhanced Fiber Sagnac Interferometer for Near-Infrared Molecular Dispersion Spectroscopy

RF modulation locking techniques applied to fibre Fabry Perot interferometers enable array based sensitive detection over very long distances in a single fibre. We present results showing multi-channel operation in a 120 km loop using this technique.

Ultra-Remote Fibre Optic Acoustic Sensing Array based on RF Modulation

We present a new molecular trace gas absorption spectroscopy architecture and its recent progress. It uses optical cavity polarization states for an ultra-sensitive absorption readout, and achieves shot noise limited performance.

/pdf/quantum-noise-limited-trace-gas-cavity-enhanced-polarization-eb1vmupvyq.pdf

Jong H. Chow

Papers

Anordning for interferometrisk avføling

Procédés et systèmes de stabilisation en fréquence de lasers multiples

Digitally Enhanced Fiber Sagnac Interferometer for Near-Infrared Molecular Dispersion Spectroscopy

Ultra-Remote Fibre Optic Acoustic Sensing Array based on RF Modulation

Quantum Noise Limited Trace Gas Cavity Enhanced Polarization Spectroscopy