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Properties Of Concrete

The European Union has made progress in dealing with municipal wastewater in individual countries and as a corporate entity. However, it intends to make still further and substantial progress over the next 15 years. Currently, the most widely available options in the EU are the agriculture utilization, the waste disposal sites, the land reclamation and restoration, the incineration and other novel uses. The selection of an option on a local basis reflects local or national, cultural, historical, geographical, legal, political and economic circumstances. The degree of flexibility varies from country to country. In any case sludge treatment and disposal should always be considered as an integral part of treatment of wastewater. There is a wide range of other uses for sludge, which exploit its energy or chemical content, namely the thermal processes. The present paper sought to review past and future trends in sludge handling, focusing mainly at thermal processes (e.g. pyrolysis, wet oxidation, gasification) and the utilization of sewage sludge in cement manufacture as a co-fuel.

Utilization of sewage sludge in EU application of old and new methods—A review

Recent advancements in supercapacitor technology

American Society of Civil Engineers

Advances in understanding alkali-activated materials

Glass fiber reinforced cement (GRC) is a composite material based on Portland cement and alkali resistant glass fibers. This composite has good mechanical properties including toughness and flexural strength. The characterization of this material is carried out by four points bending test. During this test, elastic and plastic behaviour are identified from load vs. deflection curves. The scope of the research is to monitor this bending test by means on ultrasonic pulses in order to detect changes on the material and to correlate them with mechanical behaviour. In this sense, pulse velocity, energy, attenuation and non-linearities of the ultrasonic received signals have been analysed. First changes in energy, attenuation and nonlinearities were detected during the change from elastic to plastic step and the first pulse velocity change were observed during the plastic step.

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Ultrasonic Monitoring On Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement (GRC) Bending Test

This study evaluated the compressive strength performance and microstructure of binary blast furnace slag-sewage sludge ash (BFS-SSA) alkali-activated mortars, in which rice husk ash (RHA) was dissolved in NaOH solution to replace commercial sodium silicate. The dissolution of RHA, performed in a thermal bottle with NaOH solution, enhanced the compressive strength of the alkali-activated mortars based on BFS up to 4.5-fold. BFS-SSA based mortars (10–40% SSA), activated with NaOH/RHA-based sodium silicate suspensions, reached a compressive strength up to 30 MPa after 28 curing days at 20°C. The RHA dissolution enhanced the strength and sustainability of the BFS-SSA alkali-activated mortars. 

The role of dissolved rice husk ash in the development of binary blast furnace slag-sewage sludge ash alkali-activated mortars

Polymer concrete is a composite material that uses polymeric resin as aggregate filler. This type of concrete is strong, durable, non-absorbent and chemical resistant. Under cyclic loadings pre-existing cracks inside both conventional concrete and polymer concrete may grow and cause catastrophic failure of the structure. Structural failure under cyclic loading is also known as the fatigue failure. This study aims to investigate the behavior of plain and polymer concrete under the cyclic loading or fatigue. The specimens used for this study included cylindrical specimens of 3 inch diameter and 6 inch in length. They were subjected to compressive load for various numbers of cycles. The applied load was gradually increased. After the loadingunloading cycles, nonlinear impact resonance acoustic spectroscopy (NIRAS) test was carried out on the samples using instrumented impact hammer. The degree of nonlinearity in the concrete specimens was measured by recording the shift in the resonance frequency as the impact energy increased. The results indicated that for conventional concrete specimens the material nonlinearity increased with the number of loading cycles and the applied load magnitude. However, for polymer concrete it remained almost unchanged. Experimental results from conventional plain concrete and polymer concrete specimens were compared.

Nondestructive detection of nonlinear behavior of plain and polymer concrete under cycling loading

The granulometric distribution of the aggregates used in pervious concrete can significantly impact its mechanical and hydraulic properties by modifying granular skeleton and pore distribution. The unit weight increases when single-sized aggregates are combined, which results in improved mechanical properties. In this study, the maximum density methodology was applied to enhance pervious concrete’s mechanical strength by using three narrow-sized basaltic aggregates and their combination. The experimental results showed that the mechanical performance of the samples created with packed aggregates improved compressive strength by up to 81.2% and the energy support impact was higher than 225 J (50% higher than the reference sample) after curing for 28 days. Although the densification of packing aggregates increased, the greatest reduction in porosity was 24.3%. The lowest infiltration rate was 0.43 cm/s, a satisfactory value according to the literature. These findings suggest that the aggregates packing methodology is effective in producing optimized and sustainable pervious concretes.

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Jordi Payá

Papers

Ultrasonic Monitoring On Glass Fiber Reinforced Cement (GRC) Bending Test

The role of dissolved rice husk ash in the development of binary blast furnace slag-sewage sludge ash alkali-activated mortars

Nondestructive detection of nonlinear behavior of plain and polymer concrete under cycling loading

Effect of Aggregates Packing with the Maximum Density Methodology in Pervious Concrete

Towards the valorization of Cumbre Vieja volcanic ash – Production of alternative cements