https://icce-ojs-tamu.tdl.org/icce/index.php/icce/article/download/4274/3955

On the methodology of selecting design wave height

A new time-domain method for separating incident and reflected waves in wave flumes using any number of wave gauges is presented. The method (named LASA) is based on a local approximation model considering linear and Stokes II nonlinear components, and a simulated annealing algorithm to calculate the parameters of the local approximation model. The LASA method is directly applicable to experiments in wave flumes with an arbitrary number of wave gauges, but the LASA concept may be extended to laboratory and field three-dimensional experiments by selecting the appropriate local approximation model. The LASA method has been compared to the two-point and Kimura's method and has proved to be very robust. The application of the LASA method to physical experiments using nonstationary regular and random waves generated estimations of incident and reflected waves with relative mean squared errors lower than 3% for regular waves and ranging from 4 to 16% depending on the spectral shape.

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Estimation of Incident and Reflected Waves Using Simulated Annealing

A review of the analyses of ocean wave groups

The shipping industry is associated with approximately three quarters of all world trade. In recent years, the sustainability of shipping has become a public concern, and various emissions control regulations to reduce pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships have been proposed and implemented globally. These regulations aim to drive the shipping industry in a low-carbon and low-pollutant direction by motivating it to switch to more efficient fuel types and reduce energy consumption. At the same time, the cyclical downturn of the world economy and high bunker prices make it necessary and urgent for the shipping industry to operate in a more cost-effective way while still satisfying global trade demand. As bunker fuel bunker (e.g., heavy fuel oil [HFO], liquified natural gas [LNG]) consumption is the main source of emissions and bunker fuel costs account for a large proportion of operating costs, shipping companies are making unprecedented efforts to optimize ship energy efficiency. It is widely accepted that the key to improving the energy efficiency of ships is the development of accurate models to predict ship fuel consumption rates under different scenarios. In this study, ship fuel consumption prediction models presented in the literature (including the academic literature and technical reports as a typical type of “grey literature”) are reviewed and compared, and models that optimize ship operations based on fuel consumption prediction results are also presented and discussed. Current research challenges and promising research questions on ship performance monitoring and operational optimization are identified.

Data analytics for fuel consumption management in maritime transportation: Status and perspectives

The Segura River Basin (SRB), located in the South East of Spain, has the lowest percentage of renewable water resources of all the Spanish basins. Therefore, knowledge of the annual rate of water reservoir sedimentation is an important issue to be resolved in one of the most water-stressed regions in the western Mediterranean basin. This paper describes the sensors developed in collaboration with technology-based enterprises (aerial drone, floating drone, and underwater drone), and the methodology for integration of the different types of data acquired to monitor the reservoirs of the SRB. The proposed solution was applied to 21 reservoirs of the SRB. The proposed methodology is based on the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for photogrammetry of the reservoir surface area. For each reservoir, two flights were completed, with 20 cm and 5 cm resolution, respectively. Then, a triangular irregular network mesh was generated by GIS techniques. Surface water vehicles (USV) and underwater remote-operated vehicles (ROV) were used to undertake bathymetric surveys. In addition, water quality measurements were made with an ROV device. The main results consist of topographic and bathymetric measurements for each reservoir, obtained by using equipment based on OpenSource technology. According to the results, the annual rate of storage capacity loss of water resources in the SRB´s reservoirs is 0.33%.

Use of Drones for the Topo-Bathymetric Monitoring of the Reservoirs of the Segura River Basin

Códigos éticos para el mundo empresarial

Rentabilidad de la ética para la empresa

This study focuses on container vessel fuel consumption considering the wind conditions along the ship path in the liner route. Simple analytical and semi-empirical formulas are provided to estimate the total resistance force and the bunker consumption rate of fully loaded containerships between 5000 and 15000 TEU considering the effect of wind and the corresponding waves on the Beaufort scale. The bunker consumption rate is proportional to the total resistance force, so bad weather significantly increases fuel consumption. Examples of wind hindcasts and added resistance increases for the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Indian Ocean are provided for a better “a priori” estimation of the bunker consumption for a containership in a given route and time of the year.

Bunker consumption of containerships considering sailing speed and wind conditions

Some numerical techniques for simulating Gaussian ergodic stochastic sea models are described, analyzed, and contrasted. A general method for generating all numerical, linear, one-dimensional simulators by wave superposition permits one to describe or create any of these numerical random sea simulators in five steps. The distortions associated with each numerical simulator by wave superposition are analyzed from a general point of view and the arbitrariness of some numerical simulation techniques commonly used is noted. The time-consumed in these Monte Carlo experiments is an important factor. The numerical algorithms used can change indirectly the level of distortions associated with each numerical simulation technique. A special reference has been made to the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for computing and to the second-order autoregressive behavior of each wave component in order to reduce the time-consumed. Three criteria are proposed for qualifying the numerical simulators in order to adapt the requirements of each numerical experiment considered. To explain the variability of random sea, the deterministic amplitude component simulators are rejected while a nondeterministic spectral amplitude simulator (NSA) using a FFT algorithm can be employed.

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Distortions Associated with Random Sea Simulators

El objetivo de este articulo es analizar las aportaciones que los avances en neuroetica tienen en la toma de decisiones en las empresas. Empezaremos por cuestionar el paradigma dominante de la toma de decisiones empresariales desde el analisis critico de los presupuestos epistemologicos de la teoria economica liberal, asi como desde las perspectivas de las ciencias cognitivas y sus aportaciones al analisis del comportamiento humano. Continuaremos presentando dos grandes modelos de toma de decisiones eticas que se basan en la creacion de sentido intuitivo y que tienen sus fundamentos en los avances de las neurociencias. Concluiremos con breves observaciones criticas.

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José Aguilar

Papers

Códigos éticos para el mundo empresarial

Rentabilidad de la ética para la empresa

Bunker consumption of containerships considering sailing speed and wind conditions

Distortions Associated with Random Sea Simulators

Toma de decisiones ética en la gestión de empresas: la aportación de la neuroética