Background The frequency of major malformations, growth retardation, and hypoplasia of the midface and fingers, known as anticonvulsant embryopathy, is increased in infants exposed to anticonvulsant drugs in utero. However, whether the abnormalities are caused by the maternal epilepsy itself or by exposure to anticonvulsant drugs is not known. Methods We screened 128,049 pregnant women at delivery to identify three groups of infants: those exposed to anticonvulsant drugs, those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs but with a maternal history of seizures, and those unexposed to anticonvulsant drugs with no maternal history of seizures (control group). The infants were examined systematically for the presence of major malformations, signs of hypoplasia of the midface and fingers, microcephaly, and small body size. Results The combined frequency of anticonvulsant embryopathy was higher in 223 infants exposed to one anticonvulsant drug than in 508 control infants (20.6 percent vs. 8.5 percent; odds ratio, 2.8; 9...

The Teratogenicity of Anticonvulsant Drugs

¿Qué es ser inteligente emocionalmente? La inteligencia emocional es una forma de reconocer y comprender como pensamos, sentimos y actuamos. La persona emocionalmente inteligente desarrolla habilidades que le llevan a manejar adecuadamente los sentimientos y emociones que se dan en las relaciones que tiene con los demás como puede ser hacer un buen uso de la empatía. Daniel Goleman define la inteligencia emocional como “la capacidad de reconocer nuestros propios sentimientos y los ajenos, de motivarlos y de manejar bien las emociones, en nosotros mismos y en nuestras relaciones”, y en consecuencia define a las personas emocionalmente inteligentes en base a su actuación dependiendo de las siguientes actitudes: muestran automotivación, expresan y conocen sus emociones y reconocen y valoran las de los demás, son perseverantes a pesar de las dificultades, poseen autocontrol ante los impulsos y los deseos de compensación emocional, tienen empatía y comprensión ante las necesidades de los otros y mantienen la esperanza y el positivismo.

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Inteligência emocional: relação com inteligência, variáveis sociodemográficas e habilidades sociais

The study analyzes the main sources of academic stress for first-year university students, and presents a validation of an evaluation instrument for this psychological construct. The results show that perceived stress is a generalized phenomenon in the first year of university studies, and that the highest levels are obtained in the areas of oral presentations, academic overload, lack of time, and taking exams. The questionnaire evaluates four complimentary dimensions (academic obligations, academic record and future prospects, interpersonal difficulties, and expressing one’s own ideas), with a significant relationship of reduced magnitude with academic performance, the female students presenting higher values on all of them. The results are discussed in terms of their effects on designing systems for tutorial action and offering psychological attention and counselling services to the students.

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Evaluación del estrés académico en estudiantes de nueva incorporación a la universidad

The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology and diabetes societies of Latin American countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of 'metabolic syndrome' is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that 'metabolic syndrome' is a useful nosographic entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particularly high-risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations result from presentations and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming knowledge, attitude and behavioural barriers, preventing both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations.

Latin American consensus on hypertension in patients with diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of methylphenidate on cognitive enhancement, memory, and performance in medical students. METHODS: A review of four databases (LILACS, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciELO), analyzing the title and of all articles published between 1990 and 2012 in English, Portuguese, and Spanish. Selected articles were read in entirety, including in the review those that met the established criteria. RESULTS: The prevalence of use among medical students reached 16%, with no gender difference. Most students began using the drug after entering the university, and the reasons cited to justify it are related to enhancing academic performance. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence in the literature that the use of methylphenidate is beneficial in terms of memory or learning. The drug simply increases wakefulness and alertness, reducing the time of sleep.

Use of methylphenidate among medical students: a systematic review

Resumen es: El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la inteligencia emocional y determinar su relacion con el rendimiento academico en estudiantes universitarios. P...

Inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios

Objetivo: explorar algunos componentes de los estilos de vida de los estudiantes de la facultad de Psicologia de la Universidad de Manizales, situada en Manizales, Caldas (Colombia). Metodo: estudio de corte transversal, efectuado durante el segundo semestre del 2008; muestra de 172 alumnos. Resultados: edad promedio de 21,42 anos, 85,4% son solteros y 82% pertenecen al genero femenino; 64,7% provienen de Manizales, viven en promedio con 3 personas. El 39,4% tiene una actividad diferente al estudio, la cual corresponde al trabajo y al deporte en la misma proporcion. Se identifico un 65,1% de no fumadores; 26,9% no consumen alcohol; 34,6% presenta problemas con el alcohol y un 21,1% presenta dependencia del alcohol. Si bien el 65% manifiestan protegerse contra ETS y el 87,2% se protege contra embarazo, esta proteccion no se da siempre. Relacion en su mayoria muy estrecha solo con la familia, buena en su mayoria con amigos, companeros de universidad, docentes y formacion humana; distante con las restantes redes de apoyo que ofrece la universidad. Resalta un 62,9% de disfuncion familiar, entre leve y severa. Solo el 13,6% de los estudiantes presenta una alimentacion adecuada; se identifico un 28,7% con factor de riesgo positivo para trastornos de la conducta alimentaria; 65,2% de estudiantes presenta somnolencia ligera y 24,7% presentan factor de riesgo positivo para impulsividad. 40% de la poblacion presenta problemas de ansiedad y 7,7% problemas de depresion; riesgo suicida de 14,8%. Conclusiones: Los altos indicadores de factores de riesgo para la salud en esta poblacion confirman lo descrito en otras investigaciones efectuadas con jovenes universitarios.

Estilos de vida y salud en estudiantes de una facultad de psicología

Objective: Identify the frequency of use of non-medicated amphetamines and other substances to improve academic performance in students of the University of Manizales (Manizales, Colombia). Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was realized. The population was of 3616 students of all the faculties of the University of Manizales, with a representative sample of 309 students. An anonymous sur5vey was made in order to collect information which allowed to identify the consumption of amphetamines and other substances and factors related. Results: The average age was 20,46 years old, middle class. The most numerous samples were of the Medicine faculty (17.5 %) and Laws (16.8 %). 32,8 % informed consuming drugs like, marijuana (68,9 %), popper (26,9 %) and ecstasy (22,6 %). 14,6 % consumed amphetamines to improve academic performance, other substances are marijuana and cocaine which are associated with the period of university exams. These amphetamine consumption was faculty (42,3% Medicine, 16,7% economy) and semester (9° semester 44%, 5° semester 24,1%) dependent. 71% of the amphetamines consumers said to obtain good results. The alcohol and general drugs consumptions were associated factors to amphetamine consumption to improve academic performance. Conclusions: The consumption of amphetamines in this university is alarming, particularly in the Medicine and Economy faculties. To prevent the abuse and consumption of such substances, for improve academic performance, an integral intervention is necessary which contemplates either personal aspects of the student as much as of the institution.

Consumo de anfetaminas, para mejorar rendimiento académico, en estudiantes de la universidad de manizales, 2008

Resumen es: Antecedentes: El Sindrome de Burnout consiste en una sensacion de agotamiento, decepcion, perdida de interes y eficacia por la actividad academica, que p...

Síndrome de burnout y factores asociados en estudiantes de i a x semestre de la facultad de medicina de la universidad de manizales (colombia), 2009

Resumen Objetivo: Estudiar algunos factores de riesgo que inciden en el rendimiento academico (estres, alcohol, redes de amistad, depresion y funcionalidad familiar) en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Manizales. Materiales y metodos: Estudio descriptivo de una muestra probabilistica de estudiantes de 2o a 11o semestre. Se aplico una encuesta trasversal anonima en donde se esiablecaeron caracierisiacas socaodemografacasI culiuralesI escolares y motivacionales, asi como la presencia de estres, depresion, disfuncion familiar y consumo de sustancias. Se correlacionaron las variables con el rendimiento academico, mediante prueba de cha cuadradoI coefacaenies de correlacaon de mearson o analasas regresion lineal. Resultados: Se analizaron 212 estudiantes entre 17 y 31 anos, procedentes en su mayoria de otra ciudad. Todas las variables estuvieron asociadas con el rendimiento academico (α ≤ 0.05). Conclusiones: Se encontro relacion significativa entre el rendimiento academico y estres, y de este con depresion, alcohol y funcionalidad familiar. [Bermudez SB, Duran MM, Escobar C, Morales A, Monroy SA, Ramirez A, et al. Evaluacion de la relacion entre rendimiento academico y estres en estudiantes de Medicina MedUNAB 2006; 9:198-205]. Palabras clave: Estres, Alcoholismo, Depresion, Funcion familiar, Red de amigos, Rendimiento Academico.

José Jaime Castaño Castrillón

Papers

Inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios

Estilos de vida y salud en estudiantes de una facultad de psicología

Consumo de anfetaminas, para mejorar rendimiento académico, en estudiantes de la universidad de manizales, 2008

Síndrome de burnout y factores asociados en estudiantes de i a x semestre de la facultad de medicina de la universidad de manizales (colombia), 2009

Evaluación de la relación entre rendimiento académico y estrés en estudiantes de Medicina