http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-476-00084-2_1.pdf

Beiträge A–Z

Le travail propose d’abord trois etats des lieux : celui des etudes sur la construction des identites de genre a la Renaissance ; celui des connaissances actuelles en matiere de rapports sociaux de sexe entre le Moyen Âge central et la fin du XVIe siecle ; celui de la production textuelle de l’epoque sur la question accompagne d’une annexe listant 324 textes didactiques, edifiants et polemiques imprimes entre 1475 et 1594, susceptibles d’avoir participe a la construction des identites de genre et d’avoir diffuse les normes et ideaux en matiere de relations femmes-hommes pendant cette periode. La deuxieme partie de la these s’attache a decrire un corpus constitue des trois œuvres les plus diffusees de chacune des sept categories etablies au sein du premier corpus : institutions des princes et des grands, traites de bonnes mœurs et civilite, institutions des femmes, recueils de modeles/ Vies d’hommes et de femmes celebres, et enfin textes sur, pour ou contre les femmes, le mariage et l’amour. Les œuvres retenues sont presentees dans leurs contextes de redaction et de reception, du point de vue des discours tenus par les differentes instances qui les presentent, de leur apparence materielle, des traditions dans lesquelles elles s’inscrivaient, des sources utilisees par leurs auteurs et des differents lectorats qu’ils visaient. La derniere partie s’attache aux injonctions emises par leurs auteurs, a leurs opinions sur la formation des individus et les relations entre les sexes. Elle montre le haut niveau de confrontation entre partisans et adversaires de l’egalite, la complexite et les contradictions des messages diffuses.

https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01541586/document

La construction des identités de genre à la renaissance à travers les discours didactiques, édifiants et polémiques imprimés à la Renaissance (1483-1594)

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Las primeras crónicas de Indias y la teoría historiográfica

This thesis assesses the extent to which fourteenth-century Middle English poets were interested in, and influenced by, traditions of thinking about logic and mathematics. It attempts to demonstrate the imaginative appeal of the logical problems called sophismata, which postulate absurd situations while making use of a stable but evolving, and distinctly recognisable, pool of examples. Logic and mathematics were linked. The ‘puzzle-based’ approach of late-medieval logic stemmed in part from earlier arithmetical puzzle collections. The fourteenth-century application of the ‘sophismatic’ method to problems concerned with what might now be called ‘Physics’ or ‘Mechanics’ sustained the symbiotic relationship of the two disciplines. An awareness of the importance of this tradition is perhaps indicated by the prominence of logical and mathematical tropes and scenarios in the works of three authors in particular: Geoffrey Chaucer, John Gower and the Gawain-poet. It is argued that, in the poetry of all three, what may loosely be called ‘sophismatic tropes’ are used to present concerns that the poets share with the logical and mathematical thought of their time. Certain themes recur, including the following: problematic promises; problematic reference to non-existent things; problems associated with divisibility, limits and the idea of a continuum; and, most importantly, problems focused on the contingency, or otherwise, of the future. The debate over future contingency was one of the fiercest scholastic controversies of the fourteenth century, with profound implications for both logical and theological thought. It is suggested here that the scholastic debate about future contingency has a visible impact on Chauntecleer’s prophetic dream in the Nun’s Priest’s Tale, Troilus’s apparent determinism in Troilus and Criseyde, Gower’s presentation of causation in the Confessio Amantis, and the Gawain-poet’s treatment of covenants. The conclusion reached is that fourteenth-century logical and mathematical texts had a significantly wider cultural effect than is generally recognised.

Literature, logic and mathematics in the fourteenth century

IN The Origin of the Milky Way Tintoretto paints Juno's lactating breasts creating the galaxy (Figure 1). In this scene, Jupiter attempts to guarantee the immortality of his son born of the mortal Alcmene by holding Hercules to suck on the sleeping Juno's breast. She awakens however, and her spilled milk gives rise to the Milky Way and to lilies on earth. While this painting points to the fascination lactating women held for artists of the day and to the power to create and nurture life, it also problematizes the role of the father at this stage of the child's life. Indisputably, breastfeeding is an area exclusively reserved for women.1 Yet, in this work and many of the Renaissance treatises on how to raise a family, the father appears as a persuasive force in determining the child's best interests. How does this authoritative figure exercise his dominant role within the family structure? How is he able to govern the family politic even at the stage when the child's principal needs can only be fulfilled by the mother, either blood mother or milk mother (a term used to designate the relationship between wet nurse and child)? Is it possible that breastfeeding forced men to concede at least some of the child-rearing authority to women and extend to them an independence that in other developmental stages was not granted? In the Relox de Principes (Dial of Princes), Antonio de Guevara attempts to define the father's role in the traditional family structure. While the rules he lays down for marriage, pregnancy, and the child's education clearly point to the male as the authority figure whose decisions are incontestable, Guevara struggles to locate the father in an equally important role during the child's breastfeeding years. Antonio de Guevara (1481-1545) is an overlooked Renaissance figure.2 Bishop of Guadix in Granada and later of Mondonedo in Galicia, commissioner for the Inquisitor General, official chronicler and travelling companion of Charles I (Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire), he formed part of the main political circles of the day. Guevara was also a prolific writer, whose writing played an important role in the development of Castilian literature in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and was admired and translated all over Europe in his lifetime. In 1529 Relox de principes, which is an expanded version of his already famous Libro aureo de Marco Aurelio (Golden Book of Marcus Aurelius), is published and immediately becomes the favorite book of Charles I and later of his son, Philip II. In fact, according to Quentin Skinner, following the Bible the Relox is the most widely read book in sixteenth-century Europe (215). Guevara's manual for the education of princes was first published at a time when Charles I was struggling to unify Spain, a country whose customs, coinage, language and political institutions varied from one territory to the next. The Relox is divided into three books. The first explains how to be a successful Christian prince; the second, how the male reader should interact with his wife and raise his children; and the third describes the virtues of a prince. Located between two books dealing with the prince's role in governing the state, Book II's position within the text points to Guevara's attempt to link the needs of the state with the needs of the family. It is only natural that Guevara would take a patriarchal view of the state and family and that he would feel entitled to speak on those subjects with authority because he himself was part of a patriarchal structure in a church that held enormous sway in Spain. The Holy Office of the Inquisition-an institution that was an instrument of royal policy and politically subject to the crown-regulated matters on family interaction. Although Alfonso el Sabio's Siete Partidas included laws that regulated family structures, including the role of the wet nurse and characteristics she should possess, official public policy on family values yielded to the provincial fueros. …

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Joseph R. Jones

Papers

Antonio de Guevara (1480?-1545) et l'Espagne de son temps: De la carriere officielle aux oeuvres politico-morales

The liar paradox in "Don Quixote" II, 51

Historical Materials for the Study of the Cabeza Encantada Episode in Don Quijote II.62

Romances of Chivalry in the Spanish Golden Age

Gregorio Mayans y Siscar, Vida de Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra