THE DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENTS. By Oscar Kempthorne. New York, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1952. 631 pp. $8.50. This book by a teacher of statistics (as well as a consultant for \"experimenters\") is a comprehensive study of the philosophical background for the statistical design of experiment. It is necessary to have some facility with algebraic notation and manipulation to be able to use the volume intelligently. The problems are presented from the theoretical point of view, without such practical examples as would be helpful for those not acquainted with mathematics. The mathematical justification for the techniques is given. As a somewhat advanced treatment of the design and analysis of experiments, this volume will be interesting and helpful for many who approach statistics theoretically as well as practically. With emphasis on the \"why,\" and with description given broadly, the author relates the subject matter to the general theory of statistics and to the general problem of experimental inference. MARGARET J. ROBERTSON

The Design and Analysis of Experiments

This book, written by two major figures in adaptive control, provides a wealth of material for researchers, practitioners, and students. While some researchers in adaptive control may note the absence of a particular topic, the book‘s scope represents a high-gain instrument. It can be used by designers of control systems to enhance their work through the information on many new theoretical developments, and can be used by mathematical control theory specialists to adapt their research to practical needs. The book is strongly recommended to anyone interested in adaptive control.

Adaptive Control

Microgrids are now emerging from lab benches and pilot demonstration sites into commercial markets, driven by technological improvements, falling costs, a proven track record, and growing recognition of their benefits. They are being used to improve reliability and resilience of electrical grids, to manage the addition of distributed clean energy resources like wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) generation to reduce fossil fuel emissions, and to provide electricity in areas not served by centralized electrical infrastructure. This review article (1) explains what a microgrid is, and (2) provides a multi-disciplinary portrait of today's microgrid drivers, real-world applications, challenges, and future prospects.

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Microgrids: A review of technologies, key drivers, and outstanding issues

The limitation of hot spot cooling in microchips represents an important hurdle for the electronics industry to overcome with coolers yet to exceed the efficiencies required. Nanotechnology-enabled heat sinks that can be magnetophoretically formed onto the hot spots within a microfluidic environment are presented. CrO2 nanoparticles, which are dynamically chained and docked onto the hot spots, establish tuneable high-aspect-ratio nanofins for the heat exchange between these hot spots and the liquid coolant. These nanofins can also be grown and released on demand, absorbing and releasing the heat from the hot spots into the microfluidic system. It is shown that both high aspect ratio and flexibility of the fins have a dramatic effect on increasing the heat sinking efficiency. The system has the potential to offer a practical cooling solution for future electronics.

Dynamic nanofin heat sinks

This paper presents a comprehensive review and assessment of the latest research and advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) interaction with smart grid portraying the future electric power system model. The concept goal of the smart grid along with the future deployment of the EVs puts forward various challenges in terms of electric grid infrastructure, communication and control. Following an intensive review on advanced smart metering and communication infrastructures, the strategy for integrating the EVs into the electric grid is presented. Various EV smart charging technologies are also extensively examined with the perspective of their potential, impacts and limitations under the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) phenomenon. Moreover, the high penetration of renewable energy sources (wind and photovoltaic solar) is soaring up into the power system. However, their intermittent power output poses different challenges on the planning, operation and control of the power system networks. On the other hand, the deployment of EVs in the energy market can compensate for the fluctuations of the electric grid. In this context, a literature review on the integration of the renewable energy and the latest feasible solution using EVs with the insight of the promising research gap to be covered up are investigated. Furthermore, the feasibility of the smart V2G system is thoroughly discussed. In this paper, the EVs interactions with the smart grid as the future energy system model are extensively discussed and research gap is revealed for the possible solutions.

Electric vehicles and smart grid interaction: A review on vehicle to grid and renewable energy sources integration

This paper includes an investigation of the starting capability of a high efficiency synchronous reluctance motor for direct on-line industrial applications. The approach is to design and optimal of multi-barriers inside rotor to achieve the starting properties of an line start synchronous reluctance motor (LS-SynRM) and the steady-state performance. Using an equivalent circuit on the basis of symmetric field theory, conditions are found for balanced operation at rated conditions and for state/rotor copper loss minimization in the rotor. The optimal model of LS-SynRM is compared and evaluated against a same size induction motor (IM). In addition, the shape of cage bar in LS-SynRM rotor will be analyzed, along with the generated motor torque and loss assessment. As the related die-casting processes on the end-ring and of cage bar achieve desired low rotor resistance, their impacts to the synchronization of LS-SynRM due to bubble/blister during die-casting will also be thoroughly evaluated. Assisted by finite-element analysis (FEM), the results clearly indicated that the rotor slots optimal with die-casting process on the rotor must be introduced for LS-SynRM designs with better steady-state performance and higher efficiency requirements.

Bubbles and blisters impact on die-casting cage to the designs and operations of line-start synchronous reluctance motors

This paper intends to verify, through actual fabrication and test, that 3D printing technology, which is one of the top 10 most promising future technologies, can be grafted onto motor industry. A complicated rotor geometry of SynRM, a non-rare earth motor, was designed and fabricated, using 3D printing technology. This paper tried to test the validity of its research by FEM analysis and load test in comparison with the existing SynRMs.

Design of high-end SynRM based on 3D printing technology

This paper presents an intensive research on a multi-degree-of-freedom (DOF) motor and a new mechanism for power conversion based on continuous developments pursued since 2000. In fact, various structures have been proposed to operate more than two DOFs from one point of action, and their control methods have been thoroughly studied. As a result, the interpretations of both multiple DOFs to drive the motor and the operating characteristics have been considerably improved, but few applications of the motor have been developed. Practically and widely studied applications for this type of motor can include unmanned aerial vehicles, such as multi-copters and drones, whose operation can be enhanced by using multi-DOF motors. This paper details the investigation of the generic technology underlying these motors and a novel hybrid multi-DOF motor with improved tilting torque, practicality, and control for applications requiring actuation on more than two DOFs. Specifically, we present the electromagnetic separation of the rotation and tilt drives to simplify manufacturability and control. In addition, we describe the characteristics of various tilt actuators to increase the tilt torque. We designed, fabricated, and tested the proposed hybrid multi-DOF motor to verify its performance, and projected its application in a multi-copter.

Hybrid Multi-DOF Motor for Multi-Copter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

This paper presents a design scheme to minimize torque ripple in 6/4 Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) using transient Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in which the magnetic field is combined with a driving circuit. Pole arcs and switching angles are major design factors. If these design factors are considered independently, the enhancement of SRM performance is restricted. Therefore this paper proposes not only optimal combination of stator pole arc and rotor pole arc but also the turn-on and turn-off angles as a function of pole arcs. Especially, turn-on and turn-off angle are formulated from a voltage equation and feasible design ranges are suggested with variable speed.

Geometric design of pole arcs considering electric parameters in switched reluctance motor

Considering the development and the prototype presentations of electrical and hybrid electrical vehicles over the last decade, one can see that several machine types were applied the direct current machine (DC), induction machine (IM), the permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), and the switched reluctance machine (SRM). However many comparison study shows the IM or PMSM is suitable for hybrid propulsion system [1]–[4] and this type of motor is mostly adopted in the automotive industry. The IM is generally adopted in the USA and Europe while on the other the PMSM is adopted in Japan. It is very hard to say which one is better but it depends on vehicle constraint, for example, output power, power density, efficiency, so on. In this paper, the two type of machine is compared in different output power. It shows the power density as increasing output power, and it discusses the critical issue of the iron loss according to the output power.

Ju Lee

Papers

Bubbles and blisters impact on die-casting cage to the designs and operations of line-start synchronous reluctance motors

Design of high-end SynRM based on 3D printing technology

Hybrid Multi-DOF Motor for Multi-Copter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

Geometric design of pole arcs considering electric parameters in switched reluctance motor

Design and comparison between IM and PMSM for hybrid electrical vehicles